Table 3.
Summary of the regression analyses of the three groups.
| Variable | Japanese | Singaporean | United States | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | t | PFWE | β | t | PFWE | β | t | PFWE | |
| Constant | 0.00† | 0.00† | 1 | 0.00† | 0.00† | 1 | 0.00† | 0.00† | 1 |
| /a/ | −0.13 | −0.63 | 1 | −0.30 | −1.29 | 0.618 | −0.51 | −2.19 | 0.111 |
| /b/ | 0.13 | 1.78 | 0.257 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.167 | 0.16 | 2.06 | 0.147 |
| /tʃ/ = ch | 0.32 | 2.87 | 0.023 | 0.36 | 2.97 | 0.018 | 0.35 | 2.87 | 0.023 |
| /d/ | 0.11 | 1.35 | 0.568 | 0.12 | 1.38 | 0.533 | 0.23 | 2.71 | 0.034 |
| /e/ | −0.05 | −0.55 | 1 | −0.13 | −1.45 | 0.477 | −0.29 | −3.21 | 0.010 |
| /f/ | −0.09 | −0.94 | 1 | −0.04 | −0.38 | 1 | 0.35 | 3.30 | 0.008 |
| /g/ | 0.38 | 3.21 | 0.010 | 0.52 | 4.10 | 0.001 | 0.76 | 5.91 | 0.000 * |
| /h/ | −0.05 | −0.56 | 1 | 0.07 | 0.81 | 1 | 0.15 | 1.74 | 0.279 |
| /i/ | 0.02 | 0.11 | 1 | −0.44 | −2.08 | 0.141 | −0.53 | −2.46 | 0.061 |
| /k/ | 0.22 | 1.72 | 0.292 | 0.59 | 4.38 | 0.000 * | 1.20 | 8.83 | 0.000 * |
| /m/ | −0.02 | −0.27 | 1 | −0.02 | −0.19 | 2.542 | 0.30 | 3.21 | 0.010 |
| /n/ | −0.02 | −0.20 | 1 | 0.15 | 1.72 | 0.290 | 0.24 | 2.81 | 0.027 |
| /o/ | −0.14 | −0.58 | 1 | −0.51 | −2.00 | 0.166 | −0.66 | −2.58 | 0.046 |
| /p/ | −0.04 | −0.30 | 1 | −0.01 | −0.09 | 1 | 0.38 | 2.98 | 0.018 |
| /r/ | 0.13 | 1.63 | 0.343 | 0.00† | 0.04 | 1 | 0.20 | 2.44 | 0.064 |
| /t/ | 0.04 | 0.53 | 1 | 0.14 | 1.93 | 0.193 | 0.12 | 1.64 | 0.334 |
| /u/ | −0.29 | −1.24 | 0.675 | −0.71 | −2.82 | 0.026 | −0.78 | −3.05 | 0.015 |
| /w/ | −0.12 | −1.61 | 0.354 | 0.06 | 0.72 | 1 | 0.09 | 1.13 | 0.802 |
| /j/ = y | −0.13 | −1.49 | 0.441 | 0.16 | 1.70 | 0.302 | 0.21 | 2.26 | 0.096 |
*
p < 0.0005.
†
value < 0.005;
PFWE indicates the Bonferroni-corrected value of p for the multiple comparisons across the three groups (value of p times 3). The bold letters indicate the significant effects. The signs aligned across the groups for consistency.