Table 3.
Fusion Materials, Fusion Rate and Complications.
| Authors & year | Fusion materials | Fusion rate (no. of cage), evaluation method | Complications (cases) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kim et al, 2017 18 | PEEK cage with autogenous and allogeneic bone grafts | 83.6% (102/122), X-rays/CT | Groin and medial thigh pains (3), peritoneal tear (2) |
| Ohtori et al, 2015 15 | Cage with autograft from the iliac bone | 88.6% (31/35), CT | Cage subsidence (1), thigh pain (1), thigh numbness (2), donor site pain (8) |
| Zhao et al, 2017 20 | Cage with allogeneic or autogenous iliac bone grafts | 100% (45/45), X-rays | Transient hip flexor weakness (5), anterolateral thigh pain (1), sympathetic chain injury (1) |
| He et al, 2020 19 | 97.7% (127/130), X-rays | Iliac vein or segmental artery injury (6), sympathetic chain injury (7), femoral nerve injury (2), cage subsidence (16) | |
| Anand et al, 2019 13 | PEEK cage with RhBMP-2 and Grafton putty | None | |
| Wang et al, 2019 22 | PEEK cage with allograft and hydroxyapatite | 100% (24 /24), CT | Cage subsidence (2) |
| Abbasi et al, 2017 23 | Cage with tricalcium phosphate soaked in autologous bone marrow aspirate | 100% (24 cases/24 cases) | Neuropraxia (1), nerve irritation with corresponding weakness (2) |
| Park et al, 2020 14 | PEEK cage with demineralized bone matrix or local bone chips from the lamina and facets | Proximal junctional kyphosis (7), psoas symptoms (8), ileus (13), leg dysesthesia (5) | |
| Lee et al, 2019 24 | PEEK cage with RhBMP-2 and allograft | Transient right L4 root palsy (1), hemothorax at L1–2 (1), superficial wound infection (1), PJK (9), pseudarthrosis (1) | |
| Mehren et al, 2020 25 | Cage with RhBMP-2 and allograft | None | |
| Lui et al, 2019 26 | Tantalum cage | ||
| Koike etal., 2020 27 | PEEK cage with allograft | ||
| Wu and Huang, 2019 28 | 100% (99/99) | Transient thigh pain and thigh numbness (2), transient hematuria (1), cage subsidence (1), sympathetic chain injury (1) | |
| Fang et al, 2020 29 | Cage with allograft | Psoas weakness (2), endplate injury and cage subsidence (3), fatty fluidization of incision (2), calf muscular venous thrombosis (3), PJK (3) | |
| Xu et al, 2020 30 | 100% (28 cases/28 cases) | Urinary tract infection (1), ileus (2), back pain (3), hip flexor pain (2), incision pain (1) | |
| Patel et al, 2019 21 | PEEK cage with demineralized bone matrix | 86.7% (13 cases/15 cases) | Transient hip flexion weakness (2), adjacent vertebrae (L2) fracture (1), wound infection (1) |
Abbreviations: PEEK, polyetheretherketone; RhBMP-2, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2; CT, computed tomography; PJK, proximal junctional kyphosis.