Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of participants with low and high nutritional risk according to CONUT.
| Characteristic | CONUT ≤4.5 (N = 482) | CONUT >4.5 (N = 289) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 266 (55.2) | 205 (70.9) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 68 (61–76) | 68 (59–76) | 0.669 |
| Height (cm) | 162 (155–170) | 165 (158–170) | 0.004 |
| Weight (kg) | 63 (56–70) | 62 (55–70) | 0.612 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 (21.9–26.0) | 23.0 (20.9–25.4) | 0.002 |
| Smoking (%) | 139 (28.8) | 91 (31.5) | 0.436 |
| Alcohol use (%) | 123 (25.5) | 77 (26.6) | 0.730 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 10 (5–17) | 10 (7–20) | 0.011 |
| Diabetic foot ulcer duration (days) | 30 (13–90) | 30 (14–60) | 0.528 |
| Severe DFUs (%) | 220 (45.6) | 199 (68.9) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 143 (128–160) | 141 (124–158) | 0.132 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76 (68–84) | 73 (64–82) | 0.003 |
| eGFR (EPI) (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 84.0 (61.4–95.8) | 79.5 (51.8–95.8) | 0.140 |
| ALB (g/L) | 36.2 (33.5–38.7) | 29.7 (26.6–33.2) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte (× 109/L) | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | <0.001 |
| Hb (g/L) | 120.2 ± 17.1 | 105.4 ± 18.6 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.6 (7.5–10.3) | 8.7 (7.4–11.1) | 0.229 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.51 (3.76–5.40) | 3.33 (2.75–3.97) | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.44 (1.06–2.01) | 1.05 (0.80–1.51) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.98 (0.79–1.15) | 0.80 (0.61–0.98) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.64 (1.99–3.27) | 1.84 (1.45–2.38) | <0.001 |
| GNRI | 98.9 ± 8.5 | 88.0 ± 9.6 | <0.001 |
| PNI | 45.2 ± 4.9 | 35.9 ± 5.2 | <0.001 |
| CONUT | 3 (2–4) | 6 (5–8) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; DFUs, diabetic foot ulcers; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ALB, albumin; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low- density lipoprotein; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; CONUT, controlling nutritional status.