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. 2022 Feb 28;12(6):2580–2597. doi: 10.7150/thno.70277

Figure 5.

Figure 5

The anti-biofilm ability of POS-UCNPs/ICG. (A) Schematic illustration of enhancing aPDT by POS-UCNPs/ICG. (B) The colony formation images of S. aureus and E. coli after treatments with different nanomaterials. CFU counts of (C) S. aureus and (D) E. coli-biofilms with different treatments. (E) 3D dead/live images of biofilms of S. aureus and E. coli at 4 days (dead bacteria stained red; live bacteria stained green). Dead/live bacteria ratio for (F) S. aureus and (G) E. coli. The SEM images of (H) S. aureus and (I) E. coli with different treatments (The red arrows indicated the folding and deformation of the bacterial membrane). Dissimilar letters represented statistical differences between each other (n = 6, p < 0.05).