Table 6.

Bacteria applied for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Bacteria	Technology/Mechanism	Diagnosis/Therapy
Escherichia coli 57	18F-FDS uptake by bacteria strain	Nuclear medicine-based imaging
Escherichia coli 149	Stimulating apoptotic and autophagic effects by products	Anti-tumor effects on cell lines in vitro
Listeria monocytogenes;34, 152 Salmonella Typhimurium 150	Stimulating apoptotic and autophagic effects by stains and products; Modulating immune cells and cytokine/chemokine networks	Acting as an oncolytic agent; Applied for cancer immunotherapy in vivo
Clostridium sp. 153; Escherichia coli 153; Listeria monocytogenes 152; Pseudomonas 154; Salmonella Typhimurium 151; Salmonella sp. 153	Vectors for gene therapy	Delivery of tumor antigen, DNA plasmids, siRNA and shRNA for cancer gene therapy in vivo