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. 2022 Mar 14;12(6):2833–2859. doi: 10.7150/thno.70719

Table 8.

Protozoa applied for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Protozoa Technology/Mechanism Diagnosis/Monitor Therapy
Plasmodium falciparum 71; Theileria annulate 74; Theileria parva 74; Toxoplasma gondii 185, 186 Targeting tumor protein Detecting tumor Drugs for tumor targeting therapy
Toxoplasma gondii 198;
Trypanosoma cruzi 36
Extracts or components modulate immune cells and cytokine/chemokine networks Inhibiting tumor growth; Generating immune vaccines