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. 2022 Mar 14;12(6):2860–2893. doi: 10.7150/thno.70721

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CDs-based targeted bioimaging through charge or pH interaction. (A) Scheme of the synthesis of CDs and its bio-imaging in oral cancer cell lines. (B) Mechanism underlying uptake of zwitterionic CDs. Adapted with permission from ¹⁸⁹, copyright 2018 American Chemical Society. (C) Predicted mechanism of the different cellular uptake behaviour of CDs-PEI-AS1411 with the nucleolin-positive MCF-7 cancer cells and nucleolin-negative L929 fibroblast cells. Adapted with permission from ¹⁹⁰, copyright 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. (D) Scheme of the design and application of pH-responsive C-CD/TiO₂ for targeted bioimaging via cellular membrane-nucleus translocation in response to visible-light irradiation. Adapted with permission from ¹³⁹, copyright 2020 American Chemical Society.