TABLE 1.
Descriptive statistics for whole sample and results of t-tests of gender differences.
| Whole sample (N = 732) |
Female (n = 488) |
Male (n = 241) |
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| M | SD | Min | Max | M | SD | M | SD | t | df | p | d | ||
| Age | 28.83 | 8.30 | 18 | 65 | 29.40 | 8.89 | 27.72 | 6.85 | 2.80 | 600.54 | 0.01 | 0.20 | |
| Education Credits | 194.99 | 140.85 | 196.34 | 137.67 | 192.00 | 146.44 | 0.39 | 723.00 | 0.70 | 0.03 | |||
| Age Start Procrastination | 17.53 | 5.74 | 10 | 53 | 17.79 | 5.98 | 17.11 | 5.29 | 1.25 | 486.00 | 0.21 | 0.12 | |
| Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) | 3.00 | 0.91 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 2.96 | 0.92 | 3.07 | 0.89 | 1.50 | 727 | 0.13 | 0.12 | |
| Effects of Procrastination on Life-Domains | |||||||||||||
| Interests/leisure | 4.68 | 2.940 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 4.90 | 2.90 | 4.25 | 2.99 | 2.41 | 512 | 0.02 | 0.22 | |
| Work/studies | 7.76 | 1.923 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 7.75 | 1.95 | 7.78 | 1.89 | 2.41 | 512 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
| Friendships/social life | 4.50 | 2.801 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 4.57 | 2.72 | 4.38 | 2.95 | 0.76 | 512 | 0.45 | 0.07 | |
| Community/engagement/spirituality | 3.09 | 3.192 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 3.21 | 3.24 | 2.86 | 3.11 | 1.16 | 512 | 0.25 | 0.11 | |
| Family life/parenting | 3.71 | 2.810 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 3.91 | 2.84 | 3.39 | 2.74 | 1.99 | 512 | 0.05 | 0.18 | |
| Rest/sleep | 6.36 | 2.992 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 6.50 | 3.00 | 6.04 | 2.96 | 1.67 | 512 | 0.10 | 0.15 | |
| Love/intimate relationships | 3.79 | 3.179 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 3.71 | 3.07 | 3.97 | 3.37 | 0.86 | 347.223 | 0.39 | 0.08 | |
| Physical activity/diet | 6.02 | 2.930 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 6.33 | 2.84 | 5.43 | 3.01 | 3.37 | 512 | 0.00* | 0.31 | |
| Susceptibility to Temptation Scale (STTS) | 3.15 | 0.93 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.11 | 0.94 | 3.24 | 0.91 | 1.78 | 727 | 0.08 | 0.14 | |
| Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) | |||||||||||||
| CPQ_Personal Standards | 2.66 | 0.63 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 2.74 | 0.60 | 2.49 | 0.65 | 5.01 | 441.77 | 0.00* | 0.41 | |
| CPQ_Emotional Concerns | 2.93 | 0.76 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 0.72 | 2.78 | 0.81 | 3.61 | 429.22 | 0.00* | 0.30 | |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) | 7.85 | 5.59 | 0.00 | 21.00 | 8.36 | 5.72 | 6.79 | 5.20 | 3.71 | 521.32 | 0.00* | 0.28 | |
| Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | 8.95 | 6.34 | 0.00 | 27.00 | 9.12 | 6.35 | 8.54 | 6.24 | 1.16 | 727 | 0.25 | 0.09 | |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 2.91 | 0.65 | 1.14 | 4.71 | 2.78 | 0.59 | 2.66 | 0.61 | 2.61 | 727 | 0.01 | 0.21 | |
| Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life Scale (BBQ) | |||||||||||||
| BBQ_Leisure time | 7.87 | 4.81 | 0.00 | 16.00 | 7.87 | 4.76 | 7.88 | 4.92 | –0.03 | 727 | 0.98 | 0.02 | |
| BBQ_View of Life | 9.68 | 5.14 | 0.00 | 16.00 | 9.88 | 5.08 | 9.32 | 5.22 | 1.39 | 727 | 0.17 | 0.11 | |
| BBQ_Creativity | 6.83 | 5.12 | 0.00 | 16.00 | 6.91 | 5.14 | 6.60 | 5.04 | 0.77 | 727 | 0.44 | 0.06 | |
| BBQ_Learning | 9.61 | 5.03 | 0.00 | 16.00 | 9.83 | 4.99 | 9.20 | 5.11 | 1.61 | 727 | 0.11 | 0.13 | |
| BBQ_Friends | 9.76 | 5.32 | 0.00 | 16.00 | 10.06 | 5.35 | 9.15 | 5.23 | 2.16 | 727 | 0.03 | 0.17 | |
| BBQ_Self | 8.70 | 5.04 | 0.00 | 16.00 | 8.86 | 4.99 | 8.44 | 5.11 | 1.07 | 727 | 0.29 | 0.08 | |
| BBQ_Total | 52.46 | 21.21 | 0.00 | 96.00 | 53.41 | 21.01 | 50.58 | 21.62 | 1.68 | 466.01 | 0.09 | 0.13 | |
*p < 0.002 (Bonferroni correction); Calculations based on sum scores for GAD-7, PHQ-9, and BBQ.