Parameters of Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and D–R. (conditions: T = 25 °C; pH = 4.5 (IBU) and 2.0 (TZD and SAM); time = 480 min.).

Isotherm model	Parameter	Parameter value
		IBU-QCs	SAM-QCs	TZD-QCs
Langmuir	q m (mg g−1)	671.75	90.74	577.02
	k L (L mg−1)	0.0024	0.0177	0.0028
	R 2	0.8376	0.9405	0.4077
Freundlich	k f (mg g−1)	1.9086	4.0193	2.0063
	n	1.1573	1.6499	1.0790
	R 2	0.9995	0.9934	0.9916
Tempkin	K T (L mg−1)	74.6707	16.7287	43.2626
	f	−2.3239	−1.2743	−2.0787
	R 2	0.9965	0.9911	0.9823
D–R	q D (mg g−1)	112.17	36.06	82.47
	E (kJ mol−1)	0.0328	0.2093	0.0609
	R 2	0.9021	0.9811	0.9274