Table 4.
Responses of German dental students to HU-DBI original items, winter 2021, (n = 508).
| Variable | Outcome |
First year
(n = 85) |
Second year
(n = 114) |
Third year
(n = 112) |
Fourth year
(n = 112) |
Fifth year
(n = 85) |
Total
(n = 508) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item no. 1 | Agree | 65 (76.5%) | 77 (67.5%) | 86 (76.8%) | 95 (84.8%) | 62 (72.9%) | 385 (75.8%) | 0.047 |
| Item no. 2 | Disagree | 79 (92.9%) | 109 (95.6%) | 108 (96.4%) | 107 (95.5%) | 84 (98.8%) | 487 (95.9%) | 0.421* |
| Item no. 3 | Agree | 39 (45.9%) | 55 (48.2%) | 39 (34.8%) | 35 (31.3%) | 28 (32.9%) | 196 (38.6%) | 0.029 |
| Item no. 4 | Agree | 3 (3.5%) | 3 (2.6%) | 4 (3.6%) | 4 (3.6%) | 4 (4.7%) | 18 (3.5%) | 0.936* |
| Item no. 5 | Agree | 1 (1.2%) | 8 (7%) | 3 (2.7%) | 6 (5.4%) | 1 (1.2%) | 19 (3.7%) | 0.125* |
| Item no. 6 | Disagree | 75 (88.2%) | 106 (93%) | 108 (96.4%) | 107 (95.5%) | 82 (96.5%) | 478 (94.1%) | 0.096 |
| Item no. 7 | Agree | 2 (2.4%) | 1 (0.9%) | 3 (2.7%) | 2 (1.8%) | 1 (1.2%) | 9 (1.8%) | 0.840* |
| Item no. 8 | Disagree | 69 (81.2%) | 100 (87.7%) | 93 (83%) | 102 (91.1%) | 72 (84.7%) | 436 (85.8%) | 0.269 |
| Item no. 9 | Agree | 80 (94.1%) | 113 (99.1%) | 109 (97.3%) | 110 (98.2%) | 82 (96.5%) | 494 (97.2%) | 0.276* |
| Item no. 10 | Disagree | 72 (84.7%) | 101 (88.6%) | 94 (83.9%) | 95 (84.8%) | 70 (82.4%) | 432 (85%) | 0.784 |
| Item no. 11 | Agree | 2 (2.4%) | 8 (7%) | 6 (5.4%) | 6 (5.4%) | 5 (5.9%) | 27 (5.3%) | 0.700* |
| Item no. 12 | Agree | 70 (82.4%) | 93 (81.6%) | 87 (77.7%) | 92 (82.1%) | 64 (75.3%) | 406 (79.9%) | 0.674 |
| Item no. 13 | Agree | 44 (51.8%) | 62 (54.4%) | 48 (42.9%) | 36 (32.1%) | 37 (43.5%) | 227 (44.7%) | 0.010 |
| Item no. 14 | Disagree | 48 (56.5%) | 64 (56.1%) | 62 (55.4%) | 62 (55.4%) | 45 (52.9%) | 281 (55.3%) | 0.992 |
| Item no. 15 | Disagree | 81 (95.3%) | 108 (94.7%) | 106 (94.6%) | 104 (92.9%) | 83 (97.6%) | 482 (94.9%) | 0.696* |
| Item no. 16 | Agree | 27 (31.8%) | 40 (35.1%) | 48 (42.9%) | 70 (62.5%) | 51 (60%) | 236 (46.5%) | <0.001 |
| Item no. 17 | Agree | 17 (20%) | 17 (14.9%) | 15 (13.4%) | 14 (12.5%) | 12 (14.1%) | 75 (14.8%) | 0.644 |
| Item no. 18 | Agree | 27 (31.8%) | 14 (12.3%) | 15 (13.4%) | 9 (8%) | 5 (5.9%) | 70 (13.8%) | <0.001 |
| Item no. 19 | Agree | 25 (29.4%) | 17 (14.9%) | 24 (21.4%) | 27 (24.1%) | 25 (29.4%) | 118 (23.2%) | 0.081 |
| Item no. 20 | Agree | 72 (84.7%) | 103 (90.4%) | 94 (83.9%) | 95 (84.8%) | 74 (87.1%) | 438 (86.2%) | 0.639 |
Chi-squared test (χ2) and Fisher's exact test (*) had been used with a significance level (p-value) ≤ 0.05. The significant values are in bold font.