Table 1.
Tregs heterogeneity.
| Tregs subtype | Phenotype | Regulator | Cytokine/chemokine | Main function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rTregs | CD25++CD45RA+Foxp3lowCTLA-4lowKi-67− | Foxp3, Helios and Foxp-3-TSDR | None | Negative immune regulation, inhibiting excessive immune-inflammatory response, maintaining immune homeostasis |
| aTregs | CD25+++CD45RA−Foxp3hi CTLA-4hiKi-67+ | Foxp3, Helios and Foxp-3-TSDR | IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-10 and TGF-β | |
| non-Tregs | CD25++CD45RA−Foxp3lowCTLA-4int | Foxp3, Helios and Foxp-3-TSDR | IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17 | |
| Th1-Tregs | CXCR3+ | Foxp3 and T-bet | IL-10, IFN-γ, CXCR3 and CCR5 | Inhibits Th1, Th2, Th17 or Th22 cell responses and exerts pro-inflammatory effects |
| Th2-Tregs | CCR4+ CCR6− CXCR3− | Foxp3, GATA-3 and IRF-4 | IL-10, IL-4, IL-13 and CCR4 | |
| Th17-Tregs | CXCR3− CCR6+ CCR4+ CCR10− | Foxp3 and RORγt | IL-10, IL-17, CCR4 and CCR6 | |
| Th22-Tregs | CXCR3− CCR6+ CCR4+ CCR10+ | Foxp3 | IL-10 | |
| Th3 | CD4+ LAP+ CD69+ CD25low CTLA4low | Foxp3− | TGF-β1, IL-10 and IL-4 | Promote Foxp3+Tregs differentiation and induce immune tolerance |
| Tregs1 | CD49b+ LAG3+ CD226+ CD25low CTLA4low | Foxp3−, IL-10 and other cytokine | IL-10, TGF-β | |
| B-Tregs | LAG3+ICOS+PD1+GITR+ OX40+CTLA4+ | Foxp3− | IL-10 |