Smac-TLR7/8 hydrogel re-educated macrophages toward M1 type. (a) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 and CD206 expression (gated on F4/80+ cells). (b) Percentage of M1-related (F4/80+CD86+) macrophages (n = 5). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001. (c) Percentage of M2-related (F4/80+CD206+) macrophages (n = 5). (d) Protein expression level of NF-κB, TNF-α, iNOS, IL-10, Arginase 1 in macrophages determined by western blotting. (e) The gene expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, iNOS, IL-6 and IL-12 mRNAs compared by qRT-PCR (n = 3). (f) Representative CLSM images of BMDMs after treated by LPS, Smac-TLR7/8 hydrogel+RT (red: CD86; green: F-actin; blue: cell nuclear). (g) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 and CD206 expression (gated on F4/80+ cells). (h) Percentage of M1-related (F4/80+CD86+) macrophages (n = 5). ***p < 0.001. (i) Percentage of M2-related (F4/80+CD206+) macrophages (n = 5). ***p < 0.001. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)