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. 2022 Feb 23;18:383–398. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.010

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 4 — SiO₂–CaO–P₂O₅–CuO MBG scaffolds with angiogenesis, osteogenesis and antibacterial activity. (A) SEM images of the MBG scaffolds. (a1, a2) 0Cu-MBG, (a3, a4) 1Cu-MBG, (a5, a6) 2Cu-MBG, and (a7, a8) 5Cu-MBG. (B) Angiogenesis capacity of the scaffolds. (b1) VEGF secretion by ELISA, (b2) HIF-1a, VEGF and Tubulin expression by western blotting, (b3) HIF-1a expression and (b4) VEGF expression for hBMSCs. (C) Antibacterial evaluation of the scaffolds. (D) Osteogenesis assay of the ionic extracts from Cu-MBG particles. (d1) ALP, (d2) OPN and (d3) OCN for hBMSCs (reprinted with permission from ref. [93]).