Fig. 6.

Graphdiyne-modified TiO₂ nanofiber scaffold with osteogenesis and enhanced photocatalytic antibacterial activity irradiated by UV light. (A) Schematic diagram of the dual function of GDY/TiO₂ in orthopedic implant infection. (B) Electron spin resonance for (b1) •O²⁻ and (b2) •OH generation after TiO₂ and GDY/TiO₂ induced by UV. (C) In vitro and in vivo antibacterial evaluation of the GDY/TiO₂ nanofiber scaffold. (c1) quantitative analysis of in vitro bacterial colonies, (c2) statistical analysis of the live/dead staining of in vitro antibacterial tests, (c3) quantitative analysis of the bacterial colonies of the infected femurs treated with TiO₂ and GDY/TiO₂ scaffolds (reprinted with permission from ref. [36]).