. 2022 Feb 23;18:383–398. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.010

Table 1.

Some typical bioceramic-based scaffolds loaded with different drugs for bone implant-associated infection.

Drug categories	Scaffolds (e.g.)	Drugs loaded in scaffolds	Antibacterial mechanisms	Bacterial species	Ref.
Tetracyclines	PCL/MBG	Doxycycline	Inhibiting synthesis of protein	S. aureus, E. coil, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa,	[32,39]
Tetracyclines	Gelatin/HA	Tetracycline	Inhibiting synthesis of protein	S. aureus	[40]
β-lactams	CS/calcium phosphate cements;	Penicillin	Inhibiting synthesis of cell walls	S. aureus	[41]
β-lactams	Agarose/nano hydroxycarbonateapatite	Cephalexin	Inhibiting synthesis of cell walls	S. aureus	[42]
Aminoglycosides	TiO₂ scaffold; Poly (glycidyl methacrylate)/hydroxyapatite	Gentamicin	Inhibiting synthesis of protein	S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli	[25,43,44]
Quinolones	Polyurethane/silica/nano-hydroxyapatite	Levofloxacin	Inhibiting synthesis or function of nucleic acid	S. aureus, E. coli	[45]
Quinolones	Monticellite	Ciprofloxacin	Inhibiting synthesis or function of nucleic acid	S. aureus, E. coli	[46]
Glycopeptides	Baghdadite (Ca₃ZrSi₂O₉)	Vancomycin	Inhibiting synthesis of cell wall	S. aureus	[27,33,[47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52]]
Other drugs	Alginate/HA	Chlorhexidine	Breaking osmotic barrier of cell membranes	S. aureus, E. coli,	[53,54]
	Alginate/calcium phosphate	Berberine	Reducing the number of bacteria fimbria	S. aureus, E. coli,	[55]
	HA/calcium sulphate	Rifampicin	Inhibiting synthesis or function of nucleic acid	S. aureus	[56]