Fig. 5.

Mg-alleviated MRONJ-like lesion development, possibly due to angiogenesis and osteogenesis (A) Occurrence rate of MRONJ-like lesion in the BP ​+ ​Ti, BP ​+ ​Mg, and BP ​+ ​Mg ​+ ​inhibitor/antagonist groups at 8 weeks after surgery (B) Histomorphometric assessments on the degree of alveolar bone necrosis among groups (H&E staining) (C) IHC staining of VEGFA (brown) and CGRP (brown) in the alveolar bone region in each group at 8 weeks after surgery. Scale bar: 100 ​μm (D) Corresponding quantitative data from (C). Column and bar indicate mean and SD, respectively. n ​= ​4–5 for each group, by Chi-square test (A), and One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test (B and D). ∗∗, p ​< ​0.01; ∗∗∗, p ​< ​0.001 (E) Illustration of the underlying mechanism of biodegradable magnesium implant on attenuating the development of MRONJ via VEGF- and CGRP-mediated angiogenesis.