Table 1.
Heart failure demographics, phenotypes, risk factors, and workup among patients with and without chronic inflammatory diseases who adjudicated positive for heart failure.
| No CID | HIV | IBD | Pso | RA | Scl | SLE | Multiple CID | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | # adjudicated (+) for HF | 81 | 19 | 9 | 16 | 24 | 18 | 14 | 11 | – |
| Age at baseline [mean (SD)] | 66.6 (13.4) | 51.0 (9.70) | 59.6 (19.0) | 64.1 (12.0) | 67.5 (10.6) | 54.7 (11.6) | 45.1 (16.6) | 58.8 (9.6) | <0.001 | |
| Male sex (%) | 48 (59.3) | 14 (73.7) | 5 (55.6) | 5 (31.3) | 3 (12.5) | 3 (16.7) | 4 (28.6) | 4 (36.4) | <0.001 | |
| Asian/Other (%) | 6 (7.4) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 1 (6.3) | 1 (4.2) | 4 (22.2) | 2 (14.3) | 1 (9.1) | – | |
| Black non-hispanic (%) | 19 (23.5) | 12 (63.2) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (6.2) | 6 (25) | 3 (16.7) | 7 (50) | 3 (27.3) | – | |
| Hispanic (%) | 3 (3.7) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 1 (6.2) | 3 (12.5) | 4 (22.2) | 3 (21.4) | 1 (9.1) | – | |
| White non-hispanic (%) | 53 (65.4) | 5 (26.3) | 8 (88.9) | 13 (81.2) | 14 (58.3) | 7 (38.9) | 2 (14.3) | 6 (54.5) | – | |
| HF phenotypes | Isolated L-sided HF (%)* | 34 (43.0) | 10 (52.6) | 2 (22.2) | 7 (46.7) | 11 (45.8) | 4 (22.2) | 5 (35.7) | 5 (45.5) | 0.573 |
| Isolated R-sided HF (%)* | 3 (3.8) | 0 | 1 (11.1) | 0 | 1 (4.2) | 5 (27.8) | 0 | 0 | 0.021 | |
| Combined L/R HF (%)* | 25 (31.6) | 4 (21.1) | 3 (33.3) | 6 (40.0) | 5 (20.8) | 3 (16.7) | 8 (57.1) | 4 (36.4) | 0.265 | |
| LV systolic dysfunction* | 38 (53.5) | 10 (62.5) | 4 (44.4) | 5 (35.7) | 6 (35.3) | 1 (6.7) | 11 (78.6) | 2 (20.0) | 0.001 | |
| Moderate-severe valvular dysfunction* | 27 (38.0) | 4 (25.0) | 4 (44.4) | 2 (14.3) | 2 (11.8) | 5 (31.2) | 4 (28.6) | 3 (30.0) | 0.379 | |
| WMA (%)* | 31 (44.3) | 9 (56.2) | 4 (44.4) | 6 (42.9) | 5 (31.2) | 2 (13.3) | 9 (64.3) | 2 (20.0) | 0.094 | |
| BNP c/w HF (%) | 12 (19.7) | 10 (55.6) | 5 (62.5) | 4 (33.3) | 4 (25.0) | 4 (25.0) | 10 (71.4) | 2 (25.0) | 0.002 | |
| Echo LVEF [mean (SD)]* | 47.16 (15.0) | 44.97 (18.6) | 46.33 (22.3) | 53.85 (17.9) | 51.18 (17.9) | 57.66 (10.7) | 41.29 (17.1) | 59.56 (12.5) | 0.038 | |
| HF risk factors | CAD (%) | 45 (57.0) | 13 (68.4) | 3 (33.3) | 5 (33.3) | 12 (50.0) | 6 (33.3) | 6 (42.9) | 6 (60.0) | 0.226 |
| HTN (%) | 15 (18.5) | 11 (57.9) | 0 | 6 (37.5) | 5 (20.8) | 6 (33.3) | 3 (21.4) | 3 (27.3) | 0.013 | |
| DM (%) | 10 (12.3) | 9 (47.4) | 1 (11.1) | 5 (31.2) | 5 (20.8) | 0 | 3 (21.4) | 3 (27.3) | 0.008 | |
| A-fib (%) | 24 (29.6) | 4 (21.1) | 4 (44.4) | 4 (25.0) | 5 (20.8) | 5 (27.8) | 2 (14.3) | 2 (18.2) | 0.768 | |
| COPD (%) | 16 (19.8) | 3 (15.8) | 0 | 3 (18.8) | 1 (4.2) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (9.1) | 0.446 | |
| Used DMARD (%) | 10 (12.3) | 0 | 3 (33.3) | 9 (56.2) | 23 (95.8) | 8 (44.4) | 11 (78.6) | 9 (81.8) | <0.001 | |
| Used gluco-Corticoids (%) | 14 (17.3) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (11.1) | 7 (43.8) | 16 (66.7) | 5 (27.8) | 9 (64.3) | 6 (54.5) | <0.001 | |
| HF workup | Got CMR | 17 (21.5) | 6 (31.6) | 3 (33.3) | 4 (26.7) | 7 (29.2) | 9 (50.0) | 6 (42.9) | 2 (20.0) | 0.339 |
*
For ehocardiographic measurements indicated with an asterisk (*), there were an average of 90.8% with no CID, 91.0% with HIV, 100% with IBD, 89.3% with Pso, 82.7% with RA, 92.1% with Scl, 100.0% with SLE, and 89.6% with multiple CIDs who had complete echo measurements. Percentages of variables marked with (*) were calculated using a denominator of those with complete echo data.
CID, chronic inflammatory disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; Pso, psoriasis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; Scl, scleroderma; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.