Table 2.

Vulnerability and Risk Factors Based on a Systematic Review (Storey, 2020).

Name	Definition
	Victims	Perpetrators
Physical health problems a	Poor physical health, medical problems, or physical disability (Beach et al., 2005; Dong, 2015; Eisikovits et al., 2004; Johannesen & LoGiudice, 2013; Lachs & Pillemer, 2015).
Mental health problems a	Diminished psychological health, cognitive impairment (including the diagnosis of dementia), intellectual disability, the recent worsening of cognitive abilities, and mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety (Acierno et al., 2010; Dong et al., 2014; Jackson, 2016; Johannesen & LoGiudice, 2013; Lachs et al., 1997; Wiglesworth et al., 2010).
Dependency	Care or financial dependency (Jackson & Hafemeister, 2014; Pillemer et al., 2007).	Financial dependency (Jackson & Hafemeister, 2011).
Problematic attitudes	Wanting to protect the abuser by minimizing the abuse or displaying ambivalent or inconsistent opinions regarding the perpetrator’s behaviors (Henderson et al., 2002; Jackson & Hafemeister, 2014).	Ageism, antisocial behavior such as hostility, a history of criminal behavior, and unrealistic expectations of the victim (Anme et al., 2006; Johannesen & LoGiudice, 2013; Lachs & Pillemer, 2015; Olofsson et al., 2012).
Previous victimization	Previous abuse experienced or witnessed, other than the current episode of EA (Fulmer et al., 2005; Johannesen & LoGiudice, 2013).	Previous abuse experienced or witnessed during the perpetrator’s childhood or adolescence (Jackson & Hafemeister, 2011).
Substance abuse problems a	Problems related to the use of illegal substances or misuse of legal substances, such as alcohol (Anetzberger et al., 1994; Henderson et al., 2002; Jackson, 2016; Kosberg, 1988).
Cohabitation b	Cohabitation with the perpetrator (Jackson & Hafemeister, 2011; Johannesen & LoGiudice, 2013; Peterson et al., 2014).

Note. EA = elder abuse.

^aThe definition for victims and perpetrators is the same. ^bThis factor is only examined for victims.