Table 1.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines measured in BAL fluid and lung homogenate of vitamin D sufficient or deficient mice treated either with vehicle or 1α,25(OH)2D3 followed by LPS. Interleukin (IL), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expressed as pg/ml for BAL fluid and pg/µg for lung homogenate
| BAL | LUNG | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sufficient | Deficient | Sufficient | Deficient | |||||
| Vehicle | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | Vehicle | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | Vehicle | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | Vehicle | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | |
| IL-1β | 29.7 (22.2–33.1) | 25.7 (16.4–29.4) | 42.9 (31.5–52.1) + | 30.4 (11.7–46.7) | 8802 (3366–19,353) | 5595 (2883–15,263) | 4590 (3514–16,624) | 4799 (659–11,665) |
| IL-6 | 5603 (3747–7703) | 3983 (2241–4562) | 3795 (1787–8395) | 3027 (537–7070) | 1878 (755–2811) | 1397 (600–6790) | 5731 (851–18,101) | 1125 (307–2454) |
| IL-10 | 9.8 (6.4–13.3) | 7.5 (6.6–13.7) | 18.7 (11.8–68.0) | 14.5 (9.7–33.5) | 30.6 (14.5–49.8) | 39.5 (15.9–47.5) | 71.4 (17.8–179) | 14.9 (5.6–38.1) |
| IL-13 | 15.4 (13.7–19.3) | 13.9 (11.3–17.7) | 20.9 (16.4–30.5)* | 14.8 (12.2–16.0)## | 88.2 (36.6–112) | 80.2 (29.8–131.7) | 135 (93.4–201.4) + | 34.1 (14.4–53.7)# |
| IL-17A | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 1.2 (0.5–2.8) | 1.4 (0.5–3.2) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 3.9 (2.7–5.6) | 3.7 (0.9–19.7) | 5.9 (2.6–24) | 2.4 (1.2–5.9) |
| TNF-⍺ | 987 (682–1223) | 811 (405–1152) | 1036 (505–1459) | 1115 (550–1373) | 915 (434–1881) | 736 (302–1529) | 946 (550–2161) | 591 (148–1051) |
| IFN-γ | 2.34 (0.76–3.97) | 2.98 (0.37–16.53) | 1.16 (0.57–8.28) | 1.03 (0.34–18.47) | 3.9 (1.6–6.3) | 3.2 (1.2–24.7) | 3.8 (2.6–9.1) | 2.5 (0.7–14.3) |
*: p < 0.05 vehicle deficient vs vehicle sufficient (Kruskal–Wallis); #: p < 0.05 1α,25(OH)2D3 deficient vs vehicle deficient (Kruskal–Wallis); + : p < 0.05 vehicle deficient vs vehicle sufficient (Mann Whitney); ##: p < 0.01 1α,25(OH)2D3 deficient vs vehicle deficient (Mann Whitney). Data are expressed as Median ± IQR, with n = 7/group (VDS) n = 11 (vehicle-VDD) and n = 9 (1α,25(OH)2D3-VDD) for measurements in BAL and n = 6/group for measurements in lung