Table 1.
Characteristics and baseline values of patients
| Levosimendan (N = 51) |
Levosimendan + SFI (N = 50) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender n (%) Female | 15 (29.40) | 11 (22.00) | 0.394 |
| Male | 36 (70.60) | 39 (78.00) | |
| Age (yr), median (IQR) | 73.00 (67.00, 80.00) | 73.00 (69.00, 80.00) | 0.618 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 23.89 (22.04, 25.39) | 22.59 (20.43, 25.10) | 0.108 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L), mean ± SD | 132.39 ± 18.34 | 123.76 ± 20.87 | 0.030 |
| Creatinine (μmoI/L), median (IQR) | 94.10 (76.30, 116.60) | 104.20 (83.10, 118.70) | 0.443 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), median (IQR) | 68.00 (57.40, 83.87) | 59.78 (52.43, 82.57) | 0.237 |
| LVEF (%), median (IQR) | 38.00 (33.30, 39.00) | 38.00 (32.00, 39.00) | 0.624 |
| BNP (ng/L), median (IQR) | 1169 (482.42, 2168.33) | 1415.81 (501.80, 3056.70) | 0.220 |
| Hypotension, n (%) | 37 (72.55) | 38 (76.00) | 0.692 |
| Etiology of heart failure, n (%) | 0.364 | ||
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 1 | 0 | |
| Alcoholic cardiomyopathy | 0 | 1 | |
| Hypertensive heart disease | 1 | 2 | |
| Coronary heart disease | 36 | 38 | |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 10 | 4 | |
| Valvular heart disease | 3 | 5 | |
| Previous admission with heart failure, n (%) | 44 (86.27) | 44 (88.00) | 1.000 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 37 (72.55) | 41 (82.00) | 0.344 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 26 (50.98) | 29 (58.00) | 0.479 |
| Cerebral stroke | 5 (9.80) | 7 (14.00) | 0.554 |
| COPD | 3 (5.88) | 6 (12.00) | 0.318 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 5 (9.80) | 7 (14.00) | 0.554 |
| Pre-admission medication | |||
| ACEI/ARB/ARNI, n (%) | 45 (88.24) | 43 (86.00) | 0.775 |
| Sacubitril/Valsartan | 43 (84.31) | 43 (86.00) | |
| Valsartan | 1 (1.96) | 0 | |
| Enalapril | 1 (1.96) | 0 | |
| β-blocker, n (%) | 46 (90.20) | 49 (98.00) | 0.205 |
| Metoprolol | 43 (84.31) | 44 (88.00) | |
| Bisoprolol | 2 (3.90) | 1 (2.00) | |
| Carvedilol | 1 (1.96) | 4 (2.00) | |
| Spironolactone, n (%) | 42 (82.35) | 40 (80.00) | 0.762 |
| Loop diuretic | 37 (72.55) | 39 (78.00) | 0.141 |
| Torsemide | 32 (62.75) | 39 (78.00) | |
| Furosemide | 5 (9.80) | 0 | |
| Pre-admission medication dose | |||
| ACEI/ARB/ARNI | |||
| Sacubitril/Valsartan (mg, bid), median (IQR) | 50 (50, 50) [n = 43] | 50 (25, 50) [n = 43] | 0.303 |
| Valsartan (mg, qd) | 80 [n = 1] | – [n = 0] | – |
| Enalapril (mg, qd) | 10 [n = 1] | – [n = 0] | – |
| β-blocker | |||
| Metoprolol (mg, qd), median (IQR) | 47.50 (23.75, 47.50) [n = 43] | 47.50 (23.75, 47.50) [n = 44] | > 0.999 |
| Bisoprolol (mg, qd) | 5 [n = 2] | 5 [n = 1] | – |
| Carvedilol (mg, bid), median | 10 [n = 1] | 10 [n = 4] | – |
| Spironolactone (mg, qd) | 20 [n = 42] | 20 [n = 40] | – |
| Loop diuretic | |||
| Torsemide (mg, qd), median (IQR) | 20 (20, 20) [n = 32] | 10 (10, 10) [n = 39] | < 0.001 |
| Furosemide (mg, qd) | 20 [n = 5] | – [n = 0] | – |
ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin-receptor blocker, ARNI angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, BMI body mass index, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction