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. 2022 Mar 27;20:159. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01337-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — In vivo toxicological studies of SPIONs. Pathological damage in the heart (a) liver (b) spleen (c) lung (d) kidney (e) and brain (f) of normal and SPION-injected rats at 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days were detected by histopathological sections and HE staining. g–l Iron content in these organs of normal and SPION-injected rats at 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days were detected by ICP-AES measurement. m–r The AST, ALT, ALP, TP, ALB, and Cr levels of normal and SPION-injected rats at 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days were determined by serum biochemical analysis. Each experiment was carried out in triplicate. The values are represented as the mean ± SD. Scale bar = 50 µm in panels a-f. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01