. 2022 Mar 30;20:110. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02299-z

Table 2.

Taxa regulated by inulin and/or PA in the gut microbiota of obese individuals

Mean ± SEM (within groups: Wilcoxon matched pair tests)													P-value
	MAL ↓PA			MAL - ↑PA			INU ↓PA			INU - ↑PA
	Baseline	Month 3	Change	Baseline	Month 3	Change	Baseline	Month 3	Change	Baseline	Month 3	Change
Phyla
Actinobacteria	0.987 ± 0.199	2.057 ± 0.947	1.07 ± 0.834^ab	1.433 ± 0.258	1.333 ± 0.302	− 0.1 ± 0.329^b	2.394 ± 0.896	3.096 ± 0.593	0.702 ± 1.097^ab	1.458 ± 0.421	*5.234 ± 1.641 †**	3.776 ± 1.385^a	0.003†
Family
Bifidobacteriaceae	0.397 ± 0.115	0.982 ± 0.489	0.585 ± 0.431^ab	0.725 ± 0.138	0.713 ± 0.227	− 0.012 ± 0.257^a	1.699 ± 0.83	2.33 ± 0.463	0.63 ± 1.034^bc	0.565 ± 0.299	*4.423 ± 1.445 †**	3.858 ± 1.462^c	< 0.001†
Clostridiaceae	0.011 ± 0.007	0.063 ± 0.054	0.052 ± 0.056	0.909 ± 0.775	0.1 ± 0.042 *	− 0.809 ± 0.748	0.077 ± 0.039	0.056 ± 0.026	− 0.021 ± 0.041	0.066 ± 0.032	0.017 ± 0.015 *	− 0.048 ± 0.025	ns
Erysipelotrichaceae	0.935 ± 0.17	0.879 ± 0.189	− 0.056 ± 0.238	0.346 ± 0.112	0.337 ± 0.073	− 0.009 ± 0.103	0.671 ± 0.172	1.063 ± 0.259 *	0.392 ± 0.135	1.036 ± 0.331	1.717 ± 0.525	0.681 ± 0.316	0.044
Lachnospiraceae	19.591 ± 2.381	18.97 ± 2.436	− 0.621 ± 2.025	19.775 ± 1.652	15.669 ± 1.659 *	− 4.106 ± 1.452	18.613 ± 1.949	16.92 ± 1.491	− 1.693 ± 1.486	19.985 ± 1.725	17.657 ± 1.498	− 2.328 ± 1.852	ns
Oxalobacteraceae	0.066 ± 0.024	0.053 ± 0.017	− 0.013 ± 0.017^a	0.035 ± 0.014	0.052 ± 0.019	0.017 ± 0.01^b	0.034 ± 0.014	0.023 ± 0.009	− 0.011 ± 0.006^a	0.03 ± 0.014	0.01 ± 0.006	− 0.019 ± 0.014^a	0.005
Peptostreptococcaceae	0.106 ± 0.041	0.045 ± 0.028 *	− 0.061 ± 0.026	0.07 ± 0.022	0.609 ± 0.528	0.539 ± 0.531	0.103 ± 0.029	0.098 ± 0.049	− 0.005 ± 0.055	0.11 ± 0.051	0.051 ± 0.014	− 0.06 ± 0.045	ns
Ruminococcaceae	23.136 ± 1.695	24.655 ± 2.56	1.518 ± 2.27	19.294 ± 1.486	21.755 ± 1.866 *	2.461 ± 1.1	15.651 ± 1.605	18.408 ± 2.371	2.758 ± 1.828	15.978 ± 2.223	16.965 ± 1.876	0.986 ± 1.618	ns
Veillonellaceae	0.441 ± 0.141	0.311 ± 0.122	− 0.13 ± 0.113	1.526 ± 0.936	1.147 ± 0.478	− 0.38 ± 1.016	1.994 ± 0.921	2.267 ± 0.882	0.273 ± 0.681	1.544 ± 0.841	1.599 ± 0.63 *	0.055 ± 0.3	ns
Genus
Anaerostipes	0.139 ± 0.038	0.145 ± 0.042	0.007 ± 0.04	0.165 ± 0.056	0.126 ± 0.025	− 0.039 ± 0.065	0.126 ± 0.069	0.504 ± 0.198 *	0.378 ± 0.146	0.129 ± 0.047	0.639 ± 0.27 *	0.51 ± 0.246	0.046
Bifidobacterium	0.397 ± 0.115	0.982 ± 0.489	0.585 ± 0.431^ab	0.725 ± 0.138	0.712 ± 0.227	− 0.013 ± 0.257^a	1.699 ± 0.83	2.328 ± 0.462	0.629 ± 1.034^bc	0.565 ± 0.299	*4.423 ± 1.445 †**	3.859 ± 1.462^c	< 0.001†
Catenibacterium	0.357 ± 0.189	0.129 ± 0.07	− 0.228 ± 0.128^a	0.023 ± 0.022	0.035 ± 0.032	0.012 ± 0.01^ab	0.066 ± 0.037	0.174 ± 0.101	0.108 ± 0.073^b	0.142 ± 0.073	0.301 ± 0.129 *	0.159 ± 0.061^b	< 0.001†
Clostridium sensu stricto	0.011 ± 0.007	0.063 ± 0.054	0.052 ± 0.056	0.909 ± 0.775	0.1 ± 0.042 *	− 0.809 ± 0.748	0.077 ± 0.039	0.056 ± 0.026	− 0.021 ± 0.041	0.066 ± 0.032	0.017 ± 0.015 *	− 0.048 ± 0.025	ns
Clostridium IV	1.923 ± 0.561	1.136 ± 0.342	− 0.787 ± 0.359^b	1.061 ± 0.217	1.505 ± 0.306 *	0.444 ± 0.18^a	0.586 ± 0.098	1.139 ± 0.4	0.554 ± 0.396^ab	1.194 ± 0.297	1.014 ± 0.324	− 0.18 ± 0.393^b	0.006
Dialister	0.253 ± 0.117	0.156 ± 0.091	− 0.097 ± 0.102	0.1 ± 0.061	0.092 ± 0.059	− 0.008 ± 0.016	0.072 ± 0.036	0.172 ± 0.069	0.099 ± 0.058	0.137 ± 0.092	0.263 ± 0.12 *	0.126 ± 0.046	ns
Escherichia Shigella	0.519 ± 0.299 *	0.237 ± 0.144	− 0.282 ± 0.163	0.472 ± 0.164	0.69 ± 0.409	0.218 ± 0.458	0.372 ± 0.155	0.979 ± 0.786	0.607 ± 0.82	0.708 ± 0.36	0.568 ± 0.293	− 0.14 ± 0.385	ns
Holdemanella	0.248 ± 0.079	0.287 ± 0.114	0.039 ± 0.089	0.071 ± 0.028	0.138 ± 0.057 *	0.067 ± 0.044	0.47 ± 0.173	0.749 ± 0.246	0.278 ± 0.123	0.734 ± 0.346	1.203 ± 0.5	0.469 ± 0.255	ns
Odoribacter	1.625 ± 0.382	1.26 ± 0.293	− 0.364 ± 0.257	1.386 ± 0.151	2.241 ± 0.535 *	0.856 ± 0.532	1.408 ± 0.223	1.264 ± 0.254	− 0.143 ± 0.208	1.609 ± 0.294	1.333 ± 0.27	− 0.276 ± 0.376	ns
Roseburia	3.311 ± 1.293	2.455 ± 0.525	− 0.856 ± 1.25	2.879 ± 0.574	2.305 ± 0.662	− 0.574 ± 0.683	3.197 ± 0.636	1.822 ± 0.631 *	− 1.375 ± 0.853	2.116 ± 0.619	1.151 ± 0.188	− 0.966 ± 0.583	ns
Ruminococcus	0.444 ± 0.188	1.448 ± 0.535	1.005 ± 0.587^a	0.989 ± 0.424	1.527 ± 0.553 *	0.538 ± 0.383^a	0.749 ± 0.268	1.159 ± 0.424	0.41 ± 0.237^a	0.674 ± 0.217	0.272 ± 0.086	− 0.403 ± 0.194^b	0.019

Values refer to the relative abundances of taxa significantly regulated during the intervention. A Wilcoxon matched pair was performed for evaluating differences within groups (3 months versus baseline). Significant results for Wilcoxon test are indicated in bold, *p < 0.05, †q < 0.05 (FDR correction). A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for comparisons in the change of relative abundances during the protocol, between all groups. p-value are indicated when p < 0.05, †q < 0.05 (FDR correction). For between comparisons, a different letter was attributed when the variations between groups are significant. MAL ↓PA = placebo group: n = 11; MAL ↑PA = placebo group with increased PA: n = 19, INU ↓PA = prebiotic group: n = 16 and INU ↑PA = inulin group with increased PA: n = 13