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. 2022 Mar 16;12:836397. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836397

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Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Han, Xia, Dong, Chen and Lei

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of topical PDT on cancer/tumor cells and therapeutic strategies for enhancing ALA-based tumor therapy (increasing PpIX synthesis, reducing PpIX conversion, and inhibiting PpIX efflux).