Table 2.

Differences in frequency of examined maternal and neonatal parameters according to diabetes mellitus type

Maternal parameters		DM type				Between groups
		DM insulin	DM no insulin	GDM insulin	GDM no insulin	χ2	p
Diabetes mellitus type	With insulin	28	–	–	–	279.311	0.001
	No insulin	–	30	–	–
	GDM insulin	–	–	65	–
	GDM no insulin	–	–	–	200
DM in family	No	23	24	56	176	1.908	0.592
	Yes	5	6	9	24
History of neonatal death	No	25	23	59	184	6.906	0.075
	Yes	3	7	6	16
Consulted for risk	No	25	26	59	168	2.155	0.541
	Yes	3	4	6	32
Having retinopathy	No	7	25	63	178	86.290	0.001
	Yes	21	5	2	22
Having nephropathy	No	7	26	65	170	80.566	0.001
	Yes	21	4	0	30
Having neuropathy	No	15	24	65	176	37.933	0.001
	Yes	13	6	0	24
Having chronic hypertension	No	26	17	50	154	10.723	0.013
	Yes	2	13	15	46
HTA after pregnancy	No	24	18	45	134	5.051	0.168
	Yes	4	12	20	66
Preeclampsia	No	25	28	61	164	7.579	0.056
	Yes	3	2	4	36
Antepartum bleeding	No	28	29	63	193	1.006	0.801
	Yes	0	1	2	7
Preterm rupture of membranes	No	28	29	54	173	7.802	0.049
	Yes	0	1	11	27
Oligohydramnios	No	23	29	62	172	7.335	0.062
	Yes	5	1	3	28
Hydramnion	No	21	21	44	155	2.854	0.415
	Yes	7	9	21	45
Other maternal comorbidities	No	9	8	15	46	1.262	0.738
	Yes	19	22	50	154
Number of pregnancy complications	No	1	3	13	32	16.291	0.001
	One	3	10	25	72
	Multiple	24	17	27	96
Has pregnancy complications	No	1	3	13	32	4.821	0.185
	Yes	27	27	52	168
Neonatal parameters		DM type				Between groups
		DM insulin	DM no insulin	GDM insulin	GDM no insulin	χ2	p
Anomalies seen on ultrasound	No	20	19	55	170	10.553	0.014
	Yes	8	11	10	30
Uteroplacental flow violation	No	23	21	46	148	1.515	0.679
	Yes	5	9	19	52
Fetoplacental flow violation	No	20	24	56	164	2.903	0.407
	Yes	8	6	9	36
Pathologic cardiotocography	No	15	20	52	158	10.630	0.014
	Yes	13	10	13	42
Foetal maturation	No	21	26	60	173	5.084	0.166
	Yes	7	4	5	27
Delivery type	Vaginal	24	23	61	177	9.230	0.026
	CS	4	7	4	23
Birth time	Term	9	5	12	38	3.024	0.388
	Preterm	19	25	53	162
Weight abnormal < 10 or > 10%	No	17	15	30	109	2.180	0.536
	Yes	11	15	35	91
Neonatal resuscitation	No	23	24	55	177	2.394	0.495
	Yes	5	6	10	23
Intubation and oxygenation	No	26	26	57	179	0.756	0.860
	Yes	2	4	8	21
Neonatal convulsions	No	27	30	65	200	10.536	0.015
	Yes	1	0	0	0
Neonatal hypoglycaemia	No	27	29	61	191	0.531	0.912
	Yes	1	1	4	9
Postpartum foetal anomalies	No	27	28	62	193	0.756	0.860
	Yes	1	2	3	7
Pulmonary problems	No	27	27	60	190	1.849	0.604
	Yes	1	3	5	10
Neonatal jaundice	No	26	30	61	196	5.297	0.151
	Yes	2	0	4	4
Neonatal strength problems	No	26	29	61	192	1.030	0.794
	Yes	2	1	4	8
Other neonatal complications	No	22	27	52	171	2.535	0.469
	Yes	6	3	13	29
Number of neonatal complications	No	18	17	36	133	2.222	0.528
	One	2	7	15	28
	Multiple	8	6	14	39
Has neonatal complications	No	18	17	36	133	3.197	0.362
	Yes	10	13	29	67

DM – diabetes mellitus, GDM – gestational diabetes mellitus, HTA – hypertension