. 2022 Feb 21;21(1):37–46. doi: 10.5114/pm.2022.113781

Table 3.

The relative risk for the most common maternal and foetal complications regarding diabetes mellitus type

Parameters		DM type
Parameters		Pre-existing DM	Gestational DM	Relative risk	Insulin- dependent	Insulin- independent	Relative risk
Has pregnancy complications	Yes	54	220	2.41	79	195	1.01
Has pregnancy complications	No	4	45	2.41	14	35	1.01
Has neonatal complications	Yes	23	96	1.12	39	80	1.24
Has neonatal complications	No	35	169	1.12	54	150	1.24
DM related to mother complications	Yes	35	52	4.14	27	60	1.11
DM related to mother complications	No	23	213	4.14	66	170	1.11
Preeclampsia	Yes	5	40	0.58	7	38	0.51
Preeclampsia	No	53	225	0.58	86	192	0.51
Foetal anomalies	Yes	19	40	2.18	18	41	1.07
Foetal anomalies	No	39	225	2.18	75	189	1.07
C/S	Yes	11	27	1.76	8	30	0.71
C/S	No	47	238	1.76	85	200	0.71
Baby weight abnormalities	Yes	26	126	0.91	46	106	1.11
Baby weight abnormalities	No	32	139	0.91	47	124	1.11
Preterm birth	Yes	44	215	0.78	72	187	0.85
Preterm birth	No	14	50	0.78	21	43	0.85

DM – diabetes mellitus, C/S – Caesarean section

DM related to mother complications – retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, etc.