Table 1.
Patients characteristics.
| COVID-19 severity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline values | Total | Severe | Critical | Non-survivors | p-value |
| Age—years | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 62 (53–72) | 55 (38–68) | 62 (55–74) | 73 (60–74) | <0.0001# |
| Range | 55 | 42 | 49 | 17 | |
| Sex—n/ total n (%) | |||||
| Female | 18/43 (42) | 4/43 (9) | 11/43 (26) | 3/43 (7) | 0.9110 |
| Male | 25/43 (58) | 7/43 (16) | 14/43 (33) | 4/43 (9) | 0.9110 |
| BMI—mean (SD) | 26.4 (8.6) | 28.2 (3.7) | 25.7 (10.6) | 26.9 (2.9) | |
| Comorbidities—n/ total n (%) | |||||
| Obesity | 5/43 (12) | 3/43 (7) | 1/43 (2) | 1/43 (2) | 0.0751 |
| Coronary heart disease | 4/43 (9) | 2/43 (4) | 1/43 (2) | 1/43 (2) | 0.3339 |
| Heart failure | 3/43 (7) | – | 1/43 (2) | 2/43 (4) | 0.1801 |
| Chronic kidney failure | 3/43 (7) | – | 3/43 (7) | – | 0.3281 |
| Acute kidney failure | – | – | – | – | – |
| Stroke | – | – | – | – | – |
| Vascular disease | – | – | – | – | – |
| COPD | 3/43 (7) | 1/43 (2) | 1/43 (2) | 1/43 (2) | 0.5870 |
| Liver disease | 1/43 (2) | – | – | 1/43 (7) | 0.0669 |
| Diabetes | 16/43 (37) | 4/43 (9) | 9/43 (21) | 3/43 (7) | 0.9402 |
| Hypertension | 22/43 (51) | 5/43 (12) | 14/43 (32) | 3/43 (7) | 0.8619 |
| Smoking | 5/43 (12) | 1/43 (2) | 2/43 (4) | 2/43 (4) | 0.2920 |
| Dyslipidemia | 4/43 (9) | 1/43 (2) | 3/43 (7) | – | 0.9434 |
| Laboratory—mean (SD) | |||||
| D-Dimer (ng/mL) | 1,558 (1,745) | 1,090 (808) | 1,844 (2,168) | 1,240 (585) | 0.4274 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 159 (100) | 96 (69) | 183 (109) | 169 (61) | 0.0341* |
| ProBNP (pg/mL) | 749 (914) | 256 (252) | 875 (1,092) | 939 (943) | 0.0827 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.27 (0.39) | 0.09 (–) | 0.45 (0.5) | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.7000 |
| Myocardial injury—n (within subgroup %) | |||||
| 24 h | 19 (44.2) | 2 (18) | 12 (46.1) | 5 (71) | 0.1371 |
| Total hospitalisation | 24 (55.8) | 3 (27) | 15 (58) | 6 (85) | 0.0418& |
| High-sensitive cardiac troponin I—mean (SD) | |||||
| 24 h (mg/ml) | 35.7 (89.8) | 6.7 (6.6) | 41.7 (108.9) | 52.2 (72) | 0.0348* 0.0318# |
| Maximum (mg/ml) | 114.5 (341.1) | 12.4 (20.9) | 149.6 (439.8) | 149.5 (119.5) | 0.0362* 0.0032# |
| Thromboembolism—n/ total n (%) | |||||
| First 24 h | 4/43 (9) | 0/11 (0) | 3/25 (7) | 1/7 (14) | 0.4684 |
| During hospitalisation | 9/43 (20) | 1/11 (1) | 5/25 (20) | 3/7 (43) | 0.2489 |
| Arterial blood gases—mean (SD) | |||||
| pH | 7.43 (0.04) | 7.43 (0.04) | 7.43 (0.05) | 7.42 (0.04) | 0.6802 |
| pCO2 | 32.1 (4.3) | 32.8 (4.4) | 31.9 (4.6) | 31.5 (2.9) | 0.8469 |
| pO2 | 82.6 (28.19) | 96.63 (35.9) | 79.42 (23.0) | 72.63 (28.5) | 0.2816 |
| BE | −2.39 (3.25) | −1.98 (3.07) | −2.30 (3.40) | −3.33 (3.24) | 0.6541 |
| HCO3 | 21.36 (2.99) | 21.62 (3.17) | 21.50 (3.04) | 20.44 (2.79) | 0.6171 |
| FiO2 | 49.5 (2.99) | 34.2 (12.80) | 55.2 (29.08) | 53.7 (29.40) | 0.1385 |
| PaFi | 221.0 (132.7) | 316.4(151.5) | 184.6 (102.7) | 190.7 (133.2) | 0.0265* |
| Use of vasopressors—n/ total n (%) | |||||
| First 24 h | 4/43 (9) | 0/11 (0) | 2/25 (8) | 2/7 (29) | 0.1189 |
| Between 24 h and 10th day | 16/43 (44) | 0/11 (0) | 11/25 (44) | 5/7 (71) | 0.0052*# |
| At 10th day | 7/43 (16) | 0/11 (0) | 6/25 (24) | 0/7 (0) | 0.0812 |
*
Severe vs. critical patients Kruskal-Wallis.
&
Chi-square.
#
Severe vs. non-survivors Kruskal-Wallis.