Table 4.
Association between arsenic methylation capacity indices and GDM.
| Variables | Cases N (%) |
Controls N (%) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)e | Adjusted OR (95% CI)f |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| iAs%a | |||||
| ≤ 16.74 % | 16 (34.8) | 64 (33.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 16.74 – 23.09 % | 16 (34.8) | 64 (33.5) | 1.00 (0.46–2.17) | 1.57 (0.63–3.90) | 1.50 (0.60–3.78) |
| ≥ 23.09 % | 14 (30.4) | 63 (33.0) | 0.89 (0.40–1.97) | 1.48 (0.58–3.77) | 1.44 (0.56–3.68) |
| MMA%b | |||||
| ≤ 9.94 % | 15 (32.6) | 64 (33.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 9.94 – 13.82 % | 11 (23.9) | 64 (33.5) | 0.73 (0.31–1.72) | 1.12 (0.42–3.00) | 1.08 (0.40–2.96) |
| ≥ 13.82 % | 20 (43.5) | 63 (33.0) | 1.35 (0.64–2.88) | 1.95 (0.81–4.70) | 1.85 (0.74–4.63) |
| DMA%c | |||||
| ≤ 62.53 % | 17 (37.0) | 63 (33.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 62.53 – 71.89 % | 13 (28.3) | 64 (33.5) | 0.75 (0.34–1.68) | 0.84 (0.34–2.06) | 0.84 (0.34–2.06) |
| ≥ 71.89 % | 16 (34.8) | 64 (33.5) | 0.93 (0.43–1.99) | 0.62 (0.25–1.52) | 0.64 (0.26–1.61) |
| SMId | |||||
| ≤ 4.47 | 19 (41.3) | 64 (33.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 4.47 – 6.59 | 11 (23.9) | 63 (33.0) | 0.59 (0.26–1.34) | 0.60 (0.24–1.48) | 0.61 (0.25–1.51) |
| ≥ 6.59 | 16 (34.8) | 64 (33.5) | 0.84 (0.40–1.78) | 0.55 (0.23–1.33) | 0.58 (0.23–1.43) |
Abbreviations: iAs%, inorganic arsenic percentage; MMA%, monomethylarsonic acid percentage; DMA%, dimethylarsinic acid percentage; SMI, secondary methylation index.
a
iAs% = iAs / iSumAs
b
MMA% = MMA / iSumAs
c
DMA% = DMD / iSumAs
d
SMI = DMA / MMA
e
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking status, and self-reported history of GDM.
f
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking status, self-reported history of GDM, and Total As.