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. 2022 Mar 16;13:854994. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854994

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Copyright © 2022 Liao, Luo, Kadier, Ding, Chen and Meng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Possible mechanisms of MODS induced by intestinal I/R injury. Intestinal I/R injury results in intestinal cells apoptosis or necrosis, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and microcirculation disturbance. microcirculation disturbance induces blood stasis and metabolic disorders. Increasing ROS, cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators lead to an inflammatory storm. Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction and increased permeability result in numerous bacteria or toxins through the blood into the circulatory system, leading to SIRS. When the treatment is inappropriate or not timely, it eventually develops into MODS.