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. 2022 Apr 6;41(2):64–85. doi: 10.1097/NOR.0000000000000828

Table 1. Visible and Invisible Identities.

Race Gender Identity Sexual Orientation Physical Ability Class
Dominant United States discourses: Advantage
Whites Cisgender men (i.e., people who were both born male and currently identify as men) Heterosexuals Able-bodied Middle class or higher
Dominant United States discourses: Disadvantage
Black, indigenous, people of color (BIPOC) Cisgender women and gender minorities, including transgender and nonbinary and gender nonconforming persons Sexual minorities, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and others Persons with disabilities People with lower incomes, people experiencing poverty, people who are unhoused
Consequences of dominant discourses
Racism Sexism, transphobia heterosexism, homo-and bi-phobia Ableism Classism