Box 1. Language Used in the Article.

In this article, we have used the term “people of color” or “patient of color” to refer to individuals who do not identify as White. “White,” as a race, is defined using the U.S. Census Bureau definition “A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.” Note that an individual's response to a question about race is based on self-identification.

Language is dynamic and is constantly changing, and we considered using the term “BIPOC” (black, indigenous, and people of color) but this is a relatively new term and is currently not without its critics. We do recognize that “people of color” includes people of many ethnicities and races including African Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, Pacific Islander American, multiracial Americans, and some Latino Americans, and that members of these communities are more likely to identify through these communities than as “people of color.” “People of color,” however, does emphasize the common experiences of systemic racism faced by most, if not all, non-White communities.

Throughout the narrative and in the evidence tables, we used the term “Black” to refer to populations or individuals referred in the corresponding studies as “African American” and/or “Black.” As the published studies rarely record or report the richness of ethnic and racial information beyond labels, we too were limited by the racial categories used in the primary articles.