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. 2022 Jan 31;5(1):e1193. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1193

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© 2022 The Authors. JOR Spine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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AF cell viability inside collagen matrices using the fluorescent indicator dye, alamarBlue. Besides live cells+collagen constructs, fixed cells cultured in collagen, acellular collagen, and empty wells (blank) were also used to illustrate the proliferation of cells in collagen matrix. The y axis shows the relative fluorescence units (RFUs). Distinct increased fluorescence expression is seen as culture period and incubation time increased. This indicates AF cells are viable and potentially proliferating inside collagen matrices. Cohen's d effect size for live versus fixed cells >2.15. Error bars indicate standard error