Table 2. Association between statewide incentive programs and vaccination rates, difference-in-difference analysis.

	Dependent Variable: Daily Vaccinations in State, Per 100,000 Individuals
		Incentive type		Incentive begin date		Political partisanship
	All States	Lottery Incentives Only	Included Guaranteed Incentives	Early (May 27 or Before)	Late (After May 27)	Republican-Voting States	Democrat-Voting States
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
State Incentive Program in Progress	-8.9	-22.7	1.7	0.2	-53.1	56.8*	-51.1*
	(27.5)	(32.9)	(43.8)	(27.7)	(49.9)	(30.6)	(29.9)
State Fixed Effects	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Date Fixed Effects	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Observations	5,880	5,171	3,760	4,468	4,463	3,879	5,052
Number of States in Treatment Group	24	18	6	12	12	7	17
Number of States in Comparison Group	26	26	26	26	26	26	26
Mean of Dependent Variable	429	423	401	420	407	375	443

All subgroup analyses included states that never introduced incentives. * Significant at 10%.