Figure 2.

CP-related gene summary. (A) Inheritance-mode comparisons between CP-related genes and ID-related genes. The data of CP-related genes were from this study and a collection of studies from the literature. The data of ID-related genes were retrieved from the literature.⁴⁷ Inheritance modes of 114 CP-related genes included 47 autosomal recessive, 50 autosomal dominant, 14 X-linked recessive and three X-linked dominant. Inheritance modes of 706 ID-related genes included 390 autosomal recessive, 197 autosomal dominant, 70 X-linked recessive, 33 X-linked dominant and 16 others (AD/AR, XLD/XLR). (B) Enriched KEGG pathways and GO terms of the CP-related genes. Upper left: enriched KEGG pathways. Upper right: enriched GO terms of Biological Process. Bottom left: enriched GO terms of molecular function. Bottom right: enriched GO terms of Cellular Component. The red colour indicates pathways and GO terms that are also enriched in the ID-related genes. (C) Protein–protein interaction network modules linking CP-related genes (red), ID-related genes (blue) and shared genes (half red, half blue). (D) Expression of CP-related genes in different human brain regions and cell types. Upper left: expression heatmap in 16 human brain regions.¹²⁷ MFC: medial prefrontal cortex. OFC: orbital prefrontal cortex. DFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. VFC: ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. M1C: primary motor cortex. S1C: somatosensory cortex. IPC: posterior inferior parietal cortex. A1C: primary auditory cortex. STC: superior temporal cortex. ITC: inferior temporal cortex. V1C: primary visual cortex. HIP: hippocampus. AMY: amygdala. STR: striatum. MD: mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus. CBC: cerebellar cortex. Upper right: expression heatmap in eight cell types of human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.¹²⁷ ExN: excitatory neuron. InN: interneuron. Astro: astrocyte. Oligo: oligodendrocyte. OPC: oligodendrocyte progenitor cell. Endo: endothelial cell. VSMC: vascular smooth muscle cell. Bottom left: expression heatmap in nine cell types of human cerebellum.¹²⁸ Gran: cerebellar granule cell. Purk1: Purkinje neuron, subtype 1. Purk2: Purkinje neuron, subtype 2. Ast: astrocyte. Oli: oligodendrocyte. OPC: oligodendrocyte precursor cell. Mic: microglia. End: endothelial cell. Per: pericyte. Bottom right: expression heatmap in 24 cell types of human frontal cortex.¹²⁸ Ex1: excitatory neuron, subtype 1. Ex2: excitatory neuron, subtype 2. Ex3e: excitatory neuron, subtype 3e. Ex4: excitatory neuron, subtype 4. Ex5b: excitatory neuron, subtype 5 b. Ex6a: excitatory neuron, subtype 6a. Ex6b: excitatory neuron, subtype 6 b. Ex8: excitatory neuron, subtype 8. In1a: inhibitory neuron, subtype 1a. In1b: inhibitory neuron, subtype 1 b. In1c: inhibitory neuron, subtype 1c. In3: inhibitory neuron, subtype 3. In4a: inhibitory neuron, subtype 4a. In4b: inhibitory neuron, subtype 4 b. In6a: inhibitory neuron, subtype 6a. In6b: inhibitory neuron, subtype 6 b. In7: inhibitory neuron, subtype 7. In8: inhibitory neuron, subtype 8. Ast: astrocyte. Oli: oligodendrocyte. OPC: oligodendrocyte precursor cell. Mic: microglia. End: endothelial cell. Per: pericyte. (E) Expression climax of CP-related genes in mice, with regard to brain regions (forebrain and hindbrain), developmental stages (11 time points before and after birth), and comorbidity (with or without ID). x-coordinate: CP-related genes; y-coordinate: embryonic and postnatal days. Gene expression data were retrieved from https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/home.