Table 1.

General characteristics of survey respondents by gender.

	Overall (n = 382)	Female resident (n = 60, 15.7%)	Male resident (n = 322, 84.3%)	p-Value*
Age†	30.0 (28.0–34.0)	30.0 (28.8–33.3)	30.0 (28.0–34.0)	.603
Marital status				.948
Single	237 (62.0)	37 (61.7)	200 (62.1)
Married	145 (38.0)	23 (38.3)	122 (37.9)
Level of residency				.745
R1	94 (24.6)	18 (30.0)	76 (23.6)
R2	93 (24.3)	14 (23.3)	79 (24.5)
R3	96 (25.1)	13 (21.7)	83 (25.8)
R4	99 (25.9)	15 (25.0)	84 (26.1)
Level of training EMC				<.001
Level 1 (regional EMC)	188 (42.9)	17 (28.3)	171 (53.1)
Level 2 (local EMC) or others	194 (50.8)	43 (71.7)	151 (46.9)
History of taking medicines
TCA, BZP, narcotics	50 (13.1)	12 (20.0)	38 (11.8)	.084
Sleep aids, zolpidem	67 (17.5)	12 (20.0)	55 (17.1)	.585
Caffeine during night duty	330 (86.4)	54 (90.0)	276 (85.7)	.374
History of smoking	87 (22.8)	4 (6.7)	83 (25.8)	.005
History of alcohol	212 (55.5)	26 (43.3)	186 (57.8)	.114
Clinical activity†
Weekly worked hours, total	68.0 (60.0–72.0)	72.0 (58.0–72.0)	64.0 (60.0–75.0)	.773
Monthly night duty/night shift	10.0 (8.0–12.3)	11.0 (8.8–13.0)	10.0 (8.0–12.0)	.057
Flexibility of shift trade				.009
Yes	270 (70.7)	34 (56.7)	236 (73.3)
No	112 (29.3)	26 (43.3)	86 (26.7)
Depression and life quality†
PHQ-9 depression score	6.0 (3.0–10.0)	7.0 (3.8–12.0)	5.0 (3.0–10.0)	.004
Epworth sleepiness scale	8.0 (6.0–12.0)	11.5 (7.0–14.0)	8.0 (6.0–12.0)	.015
Apgar wellness score	5.0 (4.0–8.0)	5.0 (4.0–7.0)	5.0 (4.0–8.0)	.026

Unless otherwise indicated, data are reported as number (%) of emergency physicians.

*p‐Values reflect Mann–Whitney U tests and chi‐square comparisons where appropriate.

^†Data are reported as median (interquartile range, 25–75th percentile).