Table 4.

Risk factors associated with excessive daytime sleepiness among the emergency medicine residents.

Variables overall (N = 382)	Grouping of variables	Daytime sleepiness (Epworth scale ≥11) n = 141 (36.9%)	No daytime sleepiness (Epworth scale < 11) n = 241 (63.1%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	p-Value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p-Value*
Gender	Male	111 (34.5)	211 (65.5)	Reference		1
	Female	30 (50.0)	30 (50.0)	1.90 (1.09–3.31)	.024	1.81 (1.01–3.26)	.049
Level of residency	R1	33 (36.3)	58 (63.7)	1.88 (0.99–3.54)	.050	1.94 (0.93–4.06)	.078
	R2	44 (47.3)	49 (52.7)	2.97 (1.59–5.51)	.001	3.13 (1.57–6.22)	.001
	R3	39 (40.6)	57 (59.4)	2.26 (1.22–4.20)	.010	2.44 (1.26–4.71)	.008
	R4	23 (23.2)	76 (76.8)	Reference		1

^†Adjusted for training hospital, working strength (weekly hours and monthly night duty), and flexibility of shift trading. To determine the logistic model calibration, we calculated the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit (p = .819). Data are represented as number (row %).