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. 2022 Mar 30;8(13):eabj2667. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2667

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Fig. 5. — (A) Scheme for the reaction of Ala-[1-¹³C]Gly-d₂-NMe₂ (3) by APN to produce Ala and [1-¹³C]Gly-d₂-NMe₂ (4). (B) Thermally equilibrated ¹³C NMR spectra of Ala-[1-¹³C]Gly-d₂-NMe₂ (3) after incubation with mouse kidney homogenate in the absence (left) and presence (right) of phebestin, an APN inhibitor. (C and D) Hyperpolarization studies in vitro. (C) Stacked hyperpolarized ¹³C NMR spectra of 3 (10 mM in DPBS solution), acquired every 1 s (flip angle, 10°). (D) Detection of APN activity (250 nM; rat) in vitro using the hyperpolarized probe 3. Inset spectrum: Sum of individual scans (scans 1 to 200).