TABLE 1.
Studies regarding natural extracts targeting NLRP3 inflammasome in gout.
| Origin of extraction | Experimental model | Mode of action and target signal | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mollugo pentaphylla L. (MP) | C57BL6 mice + MSU | ↓ Inflammatory paw edema and pain, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 | Lee et al. (2017) |
| Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees and T.Nees) Blume (CC) | C57BL6 mice + MSU | ↓ LPS-induced sepsis, neutrophils recruitment, IL-1β, ASC oligomerization | Shin et al. (2017) |
| BMDM + LPS | |||
| Actinidia arguta (Siebold and Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. (AA) | C57BL6 mice + MSU | ↓ IL-1β, NLRP3, neutrophils recruitment | Heo et al. (2018) |
| BMDM + LPS | |||
| Taiwanese green propolis (TGP) | C57BL6 mice + MSU | ↓ Pro IL-1β expression, NF-κB, ROS, mitochondrial damage, lysosomal rupture, (p)JNK, ASC, NLRP3, neutrophils recruitment, IL-1β, caspase-1, IL-6, MCP-1 | Hsieh et al. (2019) |
| J774A.1 + LPS + MSU | |||
| THP-1 + LPS + MSU | |||
| BMDM + LPS + MSU | |||
| Chrysanthemum indicum L. (CI) | C57BL6 mice + MSU | ↓ IL-1β, caspase-1, ASC, neutrophils recruitment | Yu et al. (2019) |
| BMDM + LPS + nigericin | |||
| Cichorium intybus L. (CIL) | SD rat + MSU | ↓ Swelling degree, skin temperature, IL-1β, NF-κB, pIκBα, NLRP3, (p)p65 | Wang et al. (2019) |
| Rat macrophage | |||
| Huzhen Tongfeng (HZTF) | SD rat + MSU | ↑ Antioxidant capacity | Wu et al. (2019) |
| Raw 264.7 + H2O2 | ↓ Swelling degree, neutrophils infiltration, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, ASC | ||
| THP-1 + MSU | |||
| Red ginseng (RG) | C57BL6 mice + MSU | ↓ IL-1β, ASC, NLRP3, caspase-1, neutrophils recruitment, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β | Lund et al. (2021) |
| THP-1 + LPS + MSU | |||
| Gout patients |