Table 4.
Comparison of patients of Middle Eastern subethnicities.
| N | Total | Arabs | Africans | p-value | Missing values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 148 | 114 (77.03%) | 34 (22.97%) | ||||
| Patient age | 38.5 [29.0-57.0] | 41.5 ± 17.64 | 34.5 ± 11.69 | 0.08009 | ||
| Patient gender | female | 93 (62.84%) | 71 (62.28%) | 22 (64.71%) | 0.84238 | |
| male | 55 (37.16%) | 43 (37.72%) | 12 (35.29%) | |||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Current smoking | 15 (10.14%) | 7 (20.59%) | 8 (7.02%) | 0.04529 | ||
| Chronic cardiac disease | 10 (6.76%) | 1 (2.94%) | 9 (7.89%) | 0.45502 | ||
| Hypertension | 37 (25.0%) | 2 (5.88%) | 35 (30.7%) | 0.00284 | ||
| Asthma | 9 (6.08%) | 1 (2.94%) | 8 (7.02%) | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 (2.7%) | 4 (3.51%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 37 (25.0%) | 4 (11.76%) | 33 (28.95%) | 0.04474 | ||
| Active malignant cancer | 3 (2.03%) | 3 (2.63%) | ||||
| Physical examination | ||||||
| BMI | adm | 28.0 [23.62–32.5] | 29.0 ± 7.26 | 27.13 ± 6.33 | 0.22498 | |
| Body temperature, °C | adm | 37.0 [37.0–37.5] | 37.0 ± 0.63 | 37.0 ± 0.62 | 0.34961 | |
| HR BMP | adm | 85.0 [76.0–92.0] | 85.0 ± 13.5 | 85.0 ± 11.65 | 0.49363 | |
| SBP | adm | 120.5 [112.0–131.25] | 120.0 ± 16.63 | 121.0 ± 15.94 | 0.27736 | |
| SOFA score | adm | 0.0 [0.0–0.0] | 0.0 ± 0.96 | 0.0 ± 1.12 | 0.07010 | 1.35% |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||
| WBC, ×109/L | adm | 5.2 [4.1–6.4] | 5.4 ± 4.15 | 4.75 ± 2.06 | 0.12581 | 0.68% |
| min | 4.7 [3.6–6.3] | 5.1 ± 2.18 | 4.3 ± 2.27 | 0.11972 | 0.68% | |
| Platelets, ×109/L | adm | 207.0 [174.0–271.0] | 212.0 ± 74.88 | 202.0 ± 62.49 | 0.46522 | 0.68% |
| min | 211.0 [167.5–263.0] | 209.0 ± 79.44 | 221.0 ± 71.14 | 0.28758 | 0.68% | |
| Lymphocytes, ×109/L | adm | 1.57 [1.14–2.2] | 1.57 ± 0.73 | 1.64 ± 0.62 | 0.49267 | 0.68% |
| min | 1.5 [0.96–2.1] | 1.51 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.78 | 0.31689 | 0.68% | |
| Neutrophils, ×109/L | adm | 2.94 [2.0–3.9] | 2.29 ± 1.87 | 3.11 ± 2.56 | 0.09368 | 0.68% |
| min | 2.57 [1.78–3.7] | 2.29 ± 2.06 | 2.78 ± 1.75 | 0.07491 | 0.68% | |
| Neutropenia, <1×109/L | adm | 8 (5.41%) | 4 (11.76%) | 4 (3.51%) | – | 0.68% |
| min | 11 (7.43%) | 5 (14.71%) | 6 (5.26%) | 0.12709 | 0.68% | |
| NLR | adm | 1.89 [1.11–3.09] | 1.51 ± 1.93 | 1.96 ± 2.84 | 0.20026 | 0.68% |
| min | 1.78 [1.11–3.14] | 1.5 ± 1.99 | 1.83 ± 3.14 | 0.11309 | 0.68% | |
| LCR | adm | 0.25 [0.06–0.97] | 0.33 ± 12.11 | 0.24 ± 17.84 | 0.19674 | 8.11% |
| peak | 15.79 [2.64–57.2] | 21.74 ± 52.97 | 15.26 ± 70.99 | 0.15690 | 7.43% | |
| T.bilirubin, μmol/L | adm | 8.0 [5.62–10.17] | 7.9 ± 5.49 | 8.05 ± 3.09 | 0.31502 | 1.35% |
| peak | 8.6 [5.93–11.0] | 8.95 ± 6.64 | 8.35 ± 3.53 | 0.25986 | 1.35% | |
| ALT, U/L | adm | 25.0 [17.0–44.0] | 23.5 ± 44.64 | 32.5 ± 24.03 | 0.05078 | 1.35% |
| peak | 27.0 [19.0–54.0] | 25.5 ± 67.1 | 32.5 ± 10467.88 | 0.13466 | 1.35% | |
| AST, U/L | adm | 23.0 [18.0–31.0] | 23.0 ± 38.5 | 23.5 ± 16.8 | 0.09486 | 1.35% |
| peak | 25.0 [18.0–36.75] | 25.0 ± 45.91 | 25.5 ± 704.33 | 0.19697 | 1.35% | |
| D-dimer, mg/L | adm | 0.4 [0.3–0.6] | 0.4 ± 0.55 | 0.3 ± 0.19 | 0.01554 | 10.81% |
| peak | 0.4 [0.3–0.7] | 0.4 ± 1.34 | 0.3 ± 3.59 | 0.07021 | 10.81% | |
| APTT, s | adm | 37.0 [35.0–40.4] | 37.3 ± 13.36 | 37.0 ± 4.84 | 0.36875 | 8.78% |
| peak | 37.6 [35.0–41.3] | 37.85 ± 13.83 | 37.1 ± 9.8 | 0.37892 | 8.78% | |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | adm | 75.3 [67.0–87.0] | 76.0 ± 31.03 | 75.0 ± 14.8 | 0.23535 | 0.68% |
| peak | 76.0 [67.0–88.0] | 77.2 ± 33.37 | 75.15 ± 21.06 | 0.25633 | 0.68% | |
| CK, U/L | adm | 84.0 [50.0–140.0] | 84.0 ± 255.0 | 93.0 ± 47.79 | 0.38742 | 18.24% |
| peak | 86.0 [51.25–153.75] | 86.0 ± 267.35 | 100.0 ± 107.07 | 0.34588 | 17.57% | |
| CRP, mg/L | adm | 5.9 [1.92–19.77] | 6.4 ± 52.34 | 4.0 ± 41.36 | 0.08961 | 1.35% |
| peak | 7.95 [2.12–39.75] | 9.05 ± 60.5 | 5.65 ± 74.93 | 0.22795 | 1.35% | |
| LDH, U/L | adm | 181.0 [149.0–228.25] | 181.0 ± 85.87 | 166.0 ± 86.73 | 0.15974 | 12.16% |
| peak | 183.0 [149.0–234.75] | 186.0 ± 124.13 | 166.0 ± 1334.94 | 0.12929 | 12.16% | |
| Troponin, ng/mL | adm | 0.0 [0.0–0.0] | 0.0 ± 0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.41498 | 22.3% |
| peak | 0.0 [0.0–0.0] | 0.0 ± 0.06 | 0.0 ± 0.11 | 0.36905 | 22.3% | |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | adm | 191.9 [66.0–326.09] | 192.31 ± 569.48 | 158.25 ± 393.37 | 0.44227 | 4.73% |
| peak | 205.0 [77.0–481.0] | 205.0 ± 3204.1 | 194.35 ± 584.34 | 0.36707 | 4.73% | |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | adm | 384.0 [321.75–478.5] | 392.0 ± 140.09 | 326.0 ± 160.17 | 0.00758 | 24.32% |
| peak | 386.5 [325.75–510.75] | 397.0 ± 156.97 | 346.0 ± 198.61 | 0.01501 | 24.32% | |
| Clinical severity | 0.80646 | |||||
| Asymptomatic/Mild | 119 (80.41%) | 28 (82.35%) | 91 (79.82%) | |||
| Moderate/Severe | 22 (14.86%) | 4 (11.76%) | 18 (15.79%) | |||
| Critical | 7 (4.73%) | 2 (5.88%) | 5 (4.39%) | |||
| Outcome | ||||||
| Put on oxygen therapy | 27 (18.24%) | 5 (14.71%) | 22 (19.3%) | 0.62210 | ||
| Patients in ICU | 12 (8.11%) | 3 (8.82%) | 9 (7.89%) | 1 | ||
| Discharged alive | 143 (96.62%) | 32 (94.12%) | 111 (97.37%) | 0.32389 | ||
| Complications | count | 0.0 [0.0–0.0] | 0.0 ± 1.88 | 0.0 ± 1.19 | 0.37253 | |
| Having any complications | 25 (16.89%) | 5 (14.71%) | 20 (17.54%) | 0.79936 | ||
| ARDS | 13 (8.78%) | 3 (8.82%) | 10 (8.77%) | 1 | ||
| Liver dysfunction | 9 (6.08%) | 3 (8.82%) | 6 (5.26%) | |||
Significant differences between cohorts (p < 0.05) are marked in bold.