Table 4.

HR (95% CI) of all-cause mortality in substitution analysis

Substituted by	All-cause mortality
Artificially sweetened beverage	0.92 (0.81–1.03)
Pure juice	0.79 (0.59–1.07)
Unsweetened coffee	0.82 (0.74–0.91)
Unsweetened tea	0.86 (0.76–0.98)
Plain water	0.79 (0.71–0.88)
Non- or low-fat milk	0.75 (0.60–0.93)
Sweetened milk	0.90 (0.40–2.05)

Adjusted covariates: age, gender, family PIR, self-reported race, education, marital status, alcohol consumption, smoking status, vigorous/moderate recreational activity, total energy intake, intake of whole grains, fruit, vegetables, red and processed meat, artificially sweetened beverages, dietary acid load, dietary sodium, total fat, baseline eGFR, BMI, total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, hypertension, diabetes, CVD and cancer.