Table 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline, by sex
| Characteristics | Overall (N = 795) | Female (n = 285) | Male (n = 510) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 76.16 (6.68) | 76.32 (6.91) | 76.07 (6.56) | 0.61 |
| Primary renal disease, n (%) | ||||
| Glomerular disease | 91 (11.4) | 25 (8.8) | 66 (12.9) | 0.02 |
| Tubulo-interstitial disease | 79 ( 9.9) | 40 (14.0) | 39 ( 7.6) | |
| Diabetes | 159 (20.0) | 49 (17.2) | 110 (21.6) | |
| Hypertension | 276 (34.7) | 102 (35.8) | 174 (34.1) | |
| Miscellaneous renal disorders | 190 (23.9) | 69 (24.2) | 121 (23.7) | |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 81.47 (16.93) | 74.76 (16.17) | 85.22 (16.18) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 168.64 (9.81) | 159.67 (7.22) | 173.66 (7.13) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.60 (5.39) | 29.26 (6.12) | 28.23 (4.90) | 0.01 |
| SGA, n (%) | 0.41 | |||
| 2 | 6 ( 0.8) | 3 ( 1.1) | 3 ( 0.6) | |
| 3 | 10 ( 1.3) | 3 ( 1.1) | 7 ( 1.4) | |
| 4 | 58 ( 7.3) | 27 ( 9.5) | 31 ( 6.1) | |
| 5 | 166 (20.9) | 55 (19.3) | 111 (21.8) | |
| 6 | 269 (33.8) | 101 (35.4) | 168 (32.9) | |
| 7 | 286 (36.0) | 96 (33.7) | 190 (37.3) | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD) | 17.70 (5.42) | 18.47 (5.44) | 17.28 (5.37) | 0.003 |
| ACR, median (IQR) | 38.85 (7.36, 173.48) | 31.90 (4.84, 165.32) | 46.45 (9.04, 179.32) | 0.04 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 146.49 (22.22) | 146.35 (23.46) | 146.57 (21.53) | 0.90 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 74.72 (11.43) | 74.07 (11.63) | 75.08 (11.32) | 0.23 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Current smoker | 59 ( 7.4) | 23 ( 8.1) | 36 ( 7.1) | |
| Ex-smoker | 410 (51.6) | 111 (38.9) | 299 (58.6) | |
| Never | 312 (39.2) | 146 (51.2) | 166 (32.5) | |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 4.67 (1.35) | 4.98 (1.44) | 4.49 (1.27) | <0.001 |
| Hb (g/dL), mean (SD) | 11.6 (1.5) | 11.5 (1.5) | 11.6 (1.6) | 0.25 |
| Calcium (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 2.28 (0.16) | 2.32 (0.15) | 2.26 (0.15) | <0.001 |
| PO4 (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.31 (0.33) | 1.30 (0.30) | 1.31 (0.35) | 0.84 |
| Albumin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 37.56 (5.48) | 37.73 (5.33) | 37.46 (5.57) | 0.51 |
| Potassium (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 4.59 (0.60) | 4.55 (0.60) | 4.61 (0.60) | 0.17 |
| Sodium (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 140.36 (3.24) | 140.16 (3.47) | 140.47 (3.11) | 0.20 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 22.48 (3.86) | 23.28 (4.01) | 22.03 (3.71) | <0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity score, mean (SD) | 7.10 (1.92) | 6.85 (1.81) | 7.24 (1.97) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 698 (87.8) | 248 (87.0) | 450 (88.2) | 0.70 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 318 (40.0) | 101 (35.4) | 217 (42.5) | 0.06 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 121 (15.2) | 41 (14.4) | 80 (15.7) | 0.70 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 104 (13.1) | 28 ( 9.8) | 76 (14.9) | 0.05 |
| Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 142 (17.9) | 50 (17.5) | 92 (18.0) | 0.94 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 139 (17.5) | 37 (13.0) | 102 (20.0) | 0.02 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy, n (%) | 141 (17.7) | 41 (14.4) | 100 (19.6) | 0.08 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 148 (18.6) | 51 (17.9) | 97 (19.0) | 0.77 |
| Country, n (%) | ||||
| Germany | 133 (16.7) | 55 (19.3) | 78 (15.3) | 0.04 |
| Poland | 69 ( 8.7) | 22 ( 7.7) | 47 ( 9.2) | |
| Sweden | 286 (36.0) | 86 (30.2) | 200 (39.2) | |
| UK | 307 (38.6) | 122 (42.8) | 185 (36.3) |
SGA: subjective global assessment; Hb: hemoglobin; PO4: serum phosphate; BMI: body mass index.