Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of trial participants
| Control group (n=367) | Intervention group (n=410) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 77·3 (6·64) | 77·8 (6·93) | |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 241 (66%) | 273 (67%) | |
| Male | 126 (34%) | 137 (33%) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian or White | 352 (96%) | 387 (94%) | |
| African or Caribbean | 9 (2%) | 14 (3%) | |
| Asian | 4 (1%) | 5 (1%) | |
| Other or mixed | 2 (1%) | 4 (1%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29·34 (5·51; 363) | 29·20 (5·67; 404) | |
| Cognitive impairment, MoCA score | 24·29 (3·62; 354) | 24·45 (3·70; 399) | |
| Highest education level | |||
| Less than secondary | 33/366 (9%) | 31 (8%) | |
| Completed secondary | 154/366 (42%) | 142 (35%) | |
| Some college or vocational training | 89/366 (24%) | 117 (29%) | |
| College or university degree | 73/366 (20%) | 89 (22%) | |
| Graduate degree or higher | 18/366 (5%) | 31 (8%) | |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation | |||
| Quintile 1 | 43 (12%) | 43 (10%) | |
| Quintile 2 | 73 (20%) | 83 (20%) | |
| Quintile 3 | 70 (19%) | 89 (22%) | |
| Quintile 4 | 74 (20%) | 82 (20%) | |
| Quintile 5 | 107 (29%) | 113 (28%) | |
| Caring responsibilities | |||
| Yes | 37/310 (12%) | 49/340 (14%) | |
| No | 273/310 (88%) | 291/340 (86%) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Married or living with partner | 158/313 (50%) | 176/340 (52%) | |
| Widowed | 90/313 (29%) | 110/340 (32%) | |
| Divorced or separated | 48/313 (15%) | 31/340 (9%) | |
| Single and never married | 17/313 (5%) | 22/340 (6%) | |
| Other | 0 | 1/340 (<1%) | |
| Home ownership | |||
| Own home | 259/312 (83%) | 294/340 (86%) | |
| Renting or other | 53/312 (17%) | 46/340 (14%) | |
| Number of chronic illnesses | |||
| None | 90/360 (25%) | 83/404 (21%) | |
| One | 129/360 (36%) | 131/404 (32%) | |
| Two or more | 141/360 (39%) | 190/404 (47%) | |
| SPPB total score | 7·36 (1·54; 367) | 7·38 (1·58; 410) | |
| MVPA, min per day* | 5·80 (8·62; 330) | 5·94 (8·91; 374) | |
| Unbouted MVPA, min per day† | 58·82 (32·18; 330) | 55·10 (29·86; 374) | |
| Very low physical activity and sedentary time, min per day‡ | 804 (91·66; 318) | 804 (91·52; 362) | |
| Breaks in sedentary time, N per day | 43·23 (13·40; 328) | 43·53 (13·36; 375) | |
| PASE questionnaire score | 119·90 (57·61; 359) | 112·33 (58·13; 400) | |
| Mobility Assessment Tool-short form score | 49·89 (8·88; 357) | 49·06 (9·75; 403) | |
| Muscle-Strengthening Exercise Questionnaire score | 3·18 (2·12; 338) | 2·90 (2·01; 388) | |
| Hand-grip strength, kg | 24·92 (8·66; 361) | 24·68 (8·49; 404) | |
| Number of falls in past 6 months | 0·72 (1·15; 359) | 0·69 (1·08; 401) | |
| Fall-related injury in past 6 months | 45/355 (13%) | 56/399 (14%) | |
| UK Biobank Healthy Minds Questionnaire | |||
| Simple processing speed, ms | 866·92 (277·42; 337) | 865·70 (282·35; 383) | |
| Fluid intelligence score | 3·60 (1·70; 332) | 3·75 (1·59; 377) | |
| Executive function score | 59 849·78 (31733·12; 254) | 61 269·89 (38594·83; 283) | |
| Working memory 1 score | 4·29 (1·44; 335) | 4·37 (1·46; 382) | |
| Working memory 2 score | 14·09 (6·43; 336) | 13·73 (6·14; 383) | |
| Episodic memory score | 5·94 (4·80; 333) | 6·08 (4·29; 377) | |
| Social wellbeing subscale score of Ageing Well Profile | 23·92 (7·30; 347) | 23·91 (6·74; 387) | |
| Sleep Condition Indicator score | 21·95 (7·90; 333) | 22·53 (7·55; 342) | |
| WOMAC score for pain | 10·12 (3·77; 351) | 9·73 (3·94; 399) | |
| 36-item short-form survey | |||
| Physical component score | 30·01 (10·61; 392) | 29·70 (10·96; 353) | |
| Mental component score | 53·77 (8·66; 392) | 54·55 (8·33; 353) | |
| EUROQUOL-5 dimensions score | 0·68 (0·17; 352) | 0·69 (0·16; 357) | |
| One-item loneliness scale score | 135/361 (37%) | 135/403 (33%) | |
Data are presented as mean (SD), mean (SD; N), n (%), or n/N (%), unless otherwise stated. mg=milligravitational unit. MoCA=Montreal Cognitive Impairment. MVPA=moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. PASE=Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. SPPB=Short Physical Performance Battery. WOMAC=Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index.
*
Time spent at >100 mg in at least 10-min bouts.
†
All time spent at >100 mg.
‡
Excluding sleep.