Table 1.
Baseline demographics by final diagnosis.
| Overall | Microbiological TBM Dx (TBM definite) | Uniform case definition TBM Dx (TBM probable) | Microbiologically positive non-TB meningitis (CM, ABM, VM) | Possible TBM, Indeterminatea | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. participants | 368 | 39 | 24 | 201 | 104 | |||||
| Demographics | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 368 | 35 [29, 41] | 39 | 34 [29, 37] | 24 | 35 [27, 39] | 201 | 35 [29, 42] | 104 | 35 [28, 42] |
| Female | 368 | 157 (42.7%) | 39 | 19 (48.7%) | 24 | 10 (41.7%) | 201 | 78 (38.8%) | 104 | 50 (48.1%) |
| Headache duration, days | 312 | 14 [7, 21] | 30 | 14 [14] | 19 | 14 [7, 30] | 182 | 14 [7, 21] | 81 | 14 [7, 30] |
| Baseline blood results | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD4 + cell count | 95 | 41 [13, 80] | 16 | 76 [46, 117] | 9 | 41 [30, 270] | 67 | 27 [11, 66] | 3 | 260 [45, 340] |
| Baseline CSF results | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSF white blood cells per μL | 343 | 4 [4, 65] | 37 | 80 [4, 240] | 23 | 4 [4, 250] | 185 | 4 [4, 60] | 98 | 4 [4, 4] |
| CSF WBC count >5 | 343 | 117 (34.1%) | 37 | 25 (67.6%) | 23 | 11 (47.8%) | 185 | 61 (33.0%) | 98 | 20 (20.4%) |
| CSF Lymphocyte, % | 107 | 100 [90, 100] | 23 | 100 [83, 100] | 10 | 100 [86, 100] | 57 | 100 [90, 100] | 17 | 100 [100, 100] |
| CSF total protein, mg/dL | 322 | 77 [30, 131] | 35 | 184 [99, 211] | 18 | 107 [73, 164] | 178 | 75 [38, 112] | 91 | 40 [23, 104] |
| CSF glucose, mg/dL | 247 | 54 [30, 78] | 31 | 23 [18,44] | 17 | 44 [25, 83] | 132 | 53 [32, 76] | 67 | 68 [45, 104] |
| Clinical | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) | N | Median [IQR] or N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prior tuberculosis diagnosis | 367 | 72 (19.6%) | 39 | 5 (12.8%) | 24 | 2 (8.3%) | 200 | 36 (18.0%) | 104 | 29 (27.9%) |
| Alive at discharge or last contact | 362 | 268 (74.0%) | 38 | 26 (68.4%) | 24 | 19 (79.2%) | 196 | 139 (70.9%) | 104 | 84 (80.8%) |
Definite, probable, and possible TBM defined by the TBM Uniform Case Definition (Supplementary Table 1). Not-TBM group comprised of patients with confirmed infections other than TB.
TBM tuberculous meningitis, CM cryptococcal meningitis, ABM acute bacterial meningitis, VM viral meningitis, IQR interquartile range, CSF cerebrospinal fluid.
an = 9 ‘Other’ participants were missing Uniform Case Definition for TBM. Six had cryptococcal antigenemia.