TABLE 3.
Summary of genetic engineering of different enzymes in microbes to boost the production of PUFAs.
| Genes | Host organism | PUFAs | References |
| DHA synthesis gene cluster from M. marina MP-1 | E. coli DH5a | DHA | (113) |
| EPA synthesis gene cluster from Shewanella sp. strain SCRC-2738 | E. coli JM109 | EPA | (114) |
| EPA synthesis gene cluster from S. baltica MAC1 | E. coli EPI 300T1 | EPA | (115) |
| Shewanella SCRC-2738 EPA synthesis cluster | C. synechococcus and C. transconjugants | EPA | (116) |
| DHA synthesis gene cluster from Shewanella | L. lactis sub sp. Cremoris | DHA | (117) |
| pfa gene cluster from Aetherobacter fasciculatus (SBSr002) | P. putida | DHA | (118) |
| D6-Des, D9-Des, D12-Des, x3-Des, D6-Elo | S. cerevisiae | EPA | (119) |
| D9-Elo, D8-Des, D5-Des, D17-Des, D12Des, CPT1 | Y. lipolytica | EPA | (120) |
| D6-Des, C18/20-Elo, D5-Des, D17-Des, C20/22- Elo, D4-Des | Y. lipolytica | DHA | (121) |
| D6-1-Des, D6-2-Des, D12-Des, malce, 6pgd, g6pd | M. circinelloides | GLA | (122–124) |
| D6-Des, D12-Des, malce1, GLELO, PavD5, D17Des | M. alpina | ARA | (125) |
| D5-Elo, CoA-D6-Des, GPAT, LPAAT/AGPAT | P. tricornutum | EPA, DHA | (126–128) |
| MCAT, DGAT, D5-Des, D12-Des | N. oceanica | EPA | (129–131) |