Table 2.
Participants’ characteristics with or without usual source of primary care
| Characteristic | Total | Has usual source of primary care | No usual source of primary care |
| (N=1757) | (n=1011) | (n=746) | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 50.1 (15.1) | 53.1 (15.1) | 45.9 (14.1) |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Female | 898 (51.1) | 545 (53.9) | 353 (47.3) |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
| Married | 1333 (75.9) | 784 (77.5) | 549 (73.6) |
| Widowed | 65 (3.7) | 45 (4.5) | 20 (2.7) |
| Annulled, divorced, separated | 89 (5.1) | 55 (5.4) | 34 (4.6) |
| Never married | 269 (15.3) | 127 (12.6) | 142 (19.0) |
| Data missing | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Education, n (%) | |||
| Less than high school | 57 (3.2) | 37 (3.7) | 20 (2.7) |
| High school | 584 (33.2) | 348 (34.4) | 236 (31.6) |
| Junior college | 484 (27.5) | 279 (27.6) | 205 (27.5) |
| More than or equal to college | 590 (33.6) | 323 (31.9) | 267 (35.8) |
| Data missing | 42 (2.4) | 24 (2.4) | 18 (2.4) |
| Employment status, n (%) | |||
| Full-time employee | 691 (39.3) | 347 (34.3) | 344 (46.1) |
| Part-time employee | 387 (22.0) | 231 (22.8) | 156 (20.9) |
| Self-employee | 227 (12.9) | 132 (13.1) | 95 (12.7) |
| Unemployed | 451 (25.7) | 300 (29.7) | 151 (20.2) |
| Data missing | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Annual household income, n (%), million JPY | |||
| <3.00 (≒US$27 000) | 288 (16.4) | 170 (16.8) | 118 (15.8) |
| 3.00–4.99 | 532 (30.3) | 332 (32.8) | 200 (26.8) |
| 5.00–6.99 | 435 (24.8) | 256 (25.3) | 179 (24.0) |
| 7.00–9.99 | 312 (17.8) | 167 (16.5) | 145 (19.4) |
| 10.00 | 170 (9.7) | 76 (7.5) | 94 (12.6) |
| Data missing | 20 (1.1) | 10 (1.0) | 10 (1.3) |
| Currently smoke, n (%) | 265 (15.1) | 148 (14.6) | 117 (15.7) |
| Data missing | 5 (0.3) | 5 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 22.9 (3.7) | 23.2 (3.6) | 22.6 (3.7) |
| Data missing, n (%) | 10 (0.6) | 8 (0.8) | 2 (0.3) |
| CCHL, mean (SD) | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.5 (0.7) |
| Data missing, n (%) | 8 (0.5) | 3 (0.3) | 5 (0.7) |
| Number of chronic conditions, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 794 (45.2) | 324 (32.0) | 470 (63.0) |
| 1 | 454 (25.8) | 297 (29.4) | 157 (21.0) |
| ≥2 | 438 (24.9) | 349 (34.5) | 89 (11.9) |
| Data missing | 71 (4.0) | 41 (4.1) | 30 (4.0) |
| EQ-5D-5L, mean (SD) | 0.89 (0.08) | 0.88 (0.09) | 0.90 (0.07) |
| Data missing, n (%) | 7 (0.4) | 2 (0.2) | 5 (0.7) |
BMI, body mass index; CCHL, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy; EQ-5D-5L, five-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire.