Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics at the time of blood sampling.
| Moderate COVID-19 patients | COVID-19 ARDS patients | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 46 | N = 50 | |||
| Age (years) | 68 [62–78] | 61 [54–68] | 0.008 | |
| Sex (male) | 25 (54%) | 34 (68%) | 0.18 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | 26 [24–30] | 29 [26–36] | 0.008 | |
| Hypertension | 29 (63%) | 29 (58%) | 0.82 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (17%) | 16 (32%) | 0.19 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.25 | |
| Chronic heart disease | 8 (17%) | 9 (18%) | 1.00 | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5 (10%) | 10 (20%) | 0.35 | |
| Immunosuppressive drug before COVID-19 | 6 (14%) | 10 (20%) | 0.55 | |
| Respiratory rate (/min) | 24 [18–22] | 30 [24–35] | 0.04 | |
| Oxygen flow (L/min) | 4 [2–6] | – | – | |
| FiO2 (%) | – | 60 [45–90] | – | |
| Heart rate (/min) | 97 [78–123] | 105 [68–137] | 0.90 | |
| Mean blood pressure (mmHg) | 72 [64–91] | 68 [59–94] | 0.82 | |
| Temperature (°C) | 37 [36.8–37.3] | 38 [37–39] | 0.08 | |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 6 [5.45–6.5] | 7.5 [5.8–8.5] | 0.22 | |
| D-dimers (mg/L) | 625 [513–838] | 2,123 [1,230–6,308] | <0.001 | |
| Platelets (/mm3) | 175,000 [111,250–252,500] | 210,000 [130,000–320,000] | 0.78 | |
| Neutrophils (/mm3) | 3,300 [2,510–5,450] | 6,300 [4,430–11,750] | 0.02 | |
| Lymphocytes (/mm3) | 1,000 [700–1,315] | 820 [400–1,240] | 0.07 | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 49 [27–78] | 132 [73–256] | <0.01 | |
| Anticoagulant treatment at the time of blood sampling | ||||
| Prophylactic vs. therapeutic anticoagulation regimen | 39 (85%)/7 (15%) | 32 (64%)/18 (36%) | 0.05 | |
| Care during hospitalization | ||||
| Corticosteroids use | 5 (11%) | 16 (32%) | 0.01 | |
| Immunomodulating agents | 2 (5%) | 8 (16%) | 0.13 | |
| Tocilizumab | 0 | 6 | – | |
| Anakinra | 1 | 0 | – | |
| Interferon-β | 1 | 0 | – | |
| Antiviral agents | 3 (7%) | 18 (36%) | 0.001 | |
| Lopinavir-ritonavir | 2 | 10 | – | |
| Remdesivir | 1 | 1 | – | |
| Oseltamivir | 0 | 2 | – | |
| Clinical evolution after blood sampling | ||||
| PE | 1 | 18 | ||
| In-hospital mortality | 4 | 25 | ||
Continuous variables are presented as median and interquartile range and are compared using Mann–Whitney test. Categorical variables are expressed as the number of patients (percentage) and are compared using Fisher’s exact test.
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; FiO2, fractional inspired oxygen; PE, pulmonary embolism.