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. 2022 Mar 17;13:846620. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.846620

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Copyright © 2022 Jin, Hwang, Lim, Kwon, Park, Yu, Kim, Joung, Lee and Pak.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Study protocol of the computational atrial modeling and AF simulation. (A) CT merged 3D-clinical electroanatomical map. (B) Clinical map integrated computational modeling. (C) Baseline AF induction in activation map. (D) Application of CPVI and PVI-gap. The yellow arrows indicate gaps in the PVI. (E) DF-based wave-dynamics analyses. (F) Study protocol. CT indicates computed tomography; EP, electrophysiology; LAT, local activation time; PVI-gap, pulmonary vein isolation with gap; CPVI, complete pulmonary vein isolation; DF, dominant frequency; AF, atrial fibrillation; AT, atrial tachycardia.