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. 2022 Mar 17;13:846620. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.846620

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Copyright © 2022 Jin, Hwang, Lim, Kwon, Park, Yu, Kim, Joung, Lee and Pak.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Wave-dynamic interactions between the PVs and extra-PVs in 35 ongoing AF episodes after the PVI-gap intervention. DF indicates dominant frequency; PV, pulmonary vein.