Table 2.
The performance of each framework.
| Frameworks | Sensitivity (%), mean (range) | Specificity (%), mean (range) | Accuracy (%), mean (range) | Time cost (s) |
| RetinaNet [25] | 89 (67.02-98.43) | 80 (56.34-94.27) | 84.50 (69.57-93.97) | 0.24 |
| Liao et al [15] | 88 (65.76-98.06) | 89 (67.02-98.43) | 88.50 (74.44-96.39) | 2.21 |
| Duan et al [16] | 87 (64.53-97.66) | 86 (63.31-97.24) | 86.50 (71.97-95.22) | 0.33 |
| Bi-input+RetinaNet+C-LSTMa | 89 (67.02-98.43) | 93 (72.30-99.56) | 91 (77.63-97.72) | 2.72 |
| Human experts | 90 (68.30-98.77) | 90 (68.30-98.77) | 90 (76.34-97.21) | N/Ab |
aC-LSTM: convolutional long short-term memory.
bN/A: not applicable.