Table 3.
Evidence quality rated using the GRADE approach.
| Outcomes | No. of studies | Sample size | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Evidence quality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain | 12 | 1,160 | Not serious | Serious | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | ⊕⊕⊕⊖ | Moderate |
| Physical function | 15 | 1,641 | Not serious | Serious | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | ⊕⊕⊕⊖ | Moderate |
| Disease activity | 8 | 838 | Not serious | Serious | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | ⊕⊕⊕⊖ | Moderate |
| ESR | 3 | 152 | Serious | Not serious | Not serious | Very serious | Not serious | ⊕⊖⊖⊖ | Very low |
| CRP | 3 | 220 | Serious | Not serious | Not serious | Very serious | Not serious | ⊕⊖⊖⊖ | Very low |
| Anxiety | 5 | 443 | Not serious | Serious | Not serious | Serious | Not serious | ⊕⊕⊖⊖ | Low |
| Depression | 8 | 700 | Not serious | Serious | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | ⊕⊕⊕⊖ | Moderate |
| ASE (pain) | 7 | 675 | Serious | Serious | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | ⊕⊕⊖⊖ | Low |
| ASE (other symptoms) | 6 | 599 | Serious | Serious | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | ⊕⊕⊖⊖ | Low |
| ASE (total) | 4 | 487 | Serious | Serious | Not serious | Serious | Not serious | ⊕⊖⊖⊖ | Very low |
| General health | 4 | 340 | Serious | Not serious | Not serious | Serious | Not serious | ⊕⊕⊖⊖ | Low |
ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; ASE, Arthritis Self-Efficacy.