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. 2022 Mar 18;11(3):248–258. doi: 10.1093/stcltm/szab022

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Figure 2. — Approaches that use or control immune components to stimulate the regenerative activity of endogenous and transplanted stem/progenitor cells. (A) Example of the approaches. (B) Co-delivery of macrophages with MSCs or myoblasts. (C) Co-delivery of Tregs with MSCs. (D) Co-delivery of immunomodulators with stem cells or with growth factors that act on endogenous stem/progenitor cells. (E) Delivery of immune cell-derived factors to promote the regenerative activity of endogenous stem/progenitor cells. Abbreviations: MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; AT-MSCs, adipose tissue-derived MSCs; BM-MSCs, bone-marrow-derived MSCs; CB-MSCs, compact bone-derived MSCs.